Serum vitamin D deficiency and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION: This meta-analysis was performed to confirm the relationship of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and vitamin D. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for relevant articles. Standard mean difference (SMD) along with 95% CI was used to compare vitamin D level between women with GDM and healthy subjects. The correlation coefficient between the vitamin D and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was analyzed. RESULTS: The vitamin D level of GDM subjects was much lower than healthy subjects (SMD = –0.71, 95% CI: –0.91, –0.50). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with high risk of GDM (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07–1.23). Vitamin D was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = –0.62, 95% CI: –0.85, –0.39). The analysis showed no publication bias (Egger’s: p = 0.197; Begg’s: p = 0.786). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D is closely associated with the onset of GDM.