Effect of Isothermal Transformation Times below Ms and Tempering on Strength and Toughness of Low-Temperature Bainite in 0.53 C Bainitic Steel

This study aims to investigate the microstructures, strength, and impact toughness of low-temperature bainite obtained by isothermal transformation at temperature below Ms (Martensite Starting temperature) for different times and tempering process in 0.53 C wt% bainitic steel. By using the optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD), and mechanical property test, it was found that the microstructures after heat treatment consist of small amounts of martensite, fine bainite, and film retained austenite. After tempered at 250 °C for 2 h, the volume fraction of retained austenite (10.9%) in the sample treated by isothermal transformation at 220 °C for three hours is almost the same as that of the sample without tempering. In addition, the retained austenite fraction decreases with the increase of holding times and is reduced to 6.8% after holding for 15 h. The ultimate tensile strength (1827 MPa), yield strength (1496 MPa), total elongations (16.1%), and impact toughness (up to 58 J/cm(2)) were obtained by isothermal transformation at 220 °C for three hours and tempered at 250 °C. Whereas, the impact toughness of sample without tempering is 28 J/cm(2). After holding for 15 h, the impact toughness raises to 56 J/cm(2), while the ductility and strength decreases. These results indicate that the tempering process is helpful to improve the impact toughness of low-temperature bainite.