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Managing the Oocyte Meiotic Arrest—Lessons from Frogs and Jellyfish

During oocyte development, meiosis arrests in prophase of the first division for a remarkably prolonged period firstly during oocyte growth, and then when awaiting the appropriate hormonal signals for egg release. This prophase arrest is finally unlocked when locally produced maturation initiation h...

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Autores principales: Jessus, Catherine, Munro, Catriona, Houliston, Evelyn
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7290932/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32392797
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9051150
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author Jessus, Catherine
Munro, Catriona
Houliston, Evelyn
author_facet Jessus, Catherine
Munro, Catriona
Houliston, Evelyn
author_sort Jessus, Catherine
collection PubMed
description During oocyte development, meiosis arrests in prophase of the first division for a remarkably prolonged period firstly during oocyte growth, and then when awaiting the appropriate hormonal signals for egg release. This prophase arrest is finally unlocked when locally produced maturation initiation hormones (MIHs) trigger entry into M-phase. Here, we assess the current knowledge of the successive cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for keeping meiotic progression on hold. We focus on two model organisms, the amphibian Xenopus laevis, and the hydrozoan jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica. Conserved mechanisms govern the initial meiotic programme of the oocyte prior to oocyte growth and also, much later, the onset of mitotic divisions, via activation of two key kinase systems: Cdk1-Cyclin B/Gwl (MPF) for M-phase activation and Mos-MAPkinase to orchestrate polar body formation and cytostatic (CSF) arrest. In contrast, maintenance of the prophase state of the fully-grown oocyte is assured by highly specific mechanisms, reflecting enormous variation between species in MIHs, MIH receptors and their immediate downstream signalling response. Convergence of multiple signalling pathway components to promote MPF activation in some oocytes, including Xenopus, is likely a heritage of the complex evolutionary history of spawning regulation, but also helps ensure a robust and reliable mechanism for gamete production.
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spelling pubmed-72909322020-06-17 Managing the Oocyte Meiotic Arrest—Lessons from Frogs and Jellyfish Jessus, Catherine Munro, Catriona Houliston, Evelyn Cells Review During oocyte development, meiosis arrests in prophase of the first division for a remarkably prolonged period firstly during oocyte growth, and then when awaiting the appropriate hormonal signals for egg release. This prophase arrest is finally unlocked when locally produced maturation initiation hormones (MIHs) trigger entry into M-phase. Here, we assess the current knowledge of the successive cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for keeping meiotic progression on hold. We focus on two model organisms, the amphibian Xenopus laevis, and the hydrozoan jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica. Conserved mechanisms govern the initial meiotic programme of the oocyte prior to oocyte growth and also, much later, the onset of mitotic divisions, via activation of two key kinase systems: Cdk1-Cyclin B/Gwl (MPF) for M-phase activation and Mos-MAPkinase to orchestrate polar body formation and cytostatic (CSF) arrest. In contrast, maintenance of the prophase state of the fully-grown oocyte is assured by highly specific mechanisms, reflecting enormous variation between species in MIHs, MIH receptors and their immediate downstream signalling response. Convergence of multiple signalling pathway components to promote MPF activation in some oocytes, including Xenopus, is likely a heritage of the complex evolutionary history of spawning regulation, but also helps ensure a robust and reliable mechanism for gamete production. MDPI 2020-05-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7290932/ /pubmed/32392797 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9051150 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Jessus, Catherine
Munro, Catriona
Houliston, Evelyn
Managing the Oocyte Meiotic Arrest—Lessons from Frogs and Jellyfish
title Managing the Oocyte Meiotic Arrest—Lessons from Frogs and Jellyfish
title_full Managing the Oocyte Meiotic Arrest—Lessons from Frogs and Jellyfish
title_fullStr Managing the Oocyte Meiotic Arrest—Lessons from Frogs and Jellyfish
title_full_unstemmed Managing the Oocyte Meiotic Arrest—Lessons from Frogs and Jellyfish
title_short Managing the Oocyte Meiotic Arrest—Lessons from Frogs and Jellyfish
title_sort managing the oocyte meiotic arrest—lessons from frogs and jellyfish
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7290932/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32392797
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9051150
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