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Usutu Virus Infection of Embryonated Chicken Eggs and a Chicken Embryo-Derived Primary Cell Line

Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, closely related to the West Nile virus (WNV). Similar to WNV, USUV may cause infections in humans, with occasional, but sometimes severe, neurological complications. Further, USUV can be highly pathogenic in wild and captive birds and its circulatio...

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Autores principales: Benzarti, Emna, Rivas, José, Sarlet, Michaël, Franssen, Mathieu, Moula, Nassim, Savini, Giovanni, Lorusso, Alessio, Desmecht, Daniel, Garigliany, Mutien-Marie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7291025/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32408481
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12050531
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author Benzarti, Emna
Rivas, José
Sarlet, Michaël
Franssen, Mathieu
Moula, Nassim
Savini, Giovanni
Lorusso, Alessio
Desmecht, Daniel
Garigliany, Mutien-Marie
author_facet Benzarti, Emna
Rivas, José
Sarlet, Michaël
Franssen, Mathieu
Moula, Nassim
Savini, Giovanni
Lorusso, Alessio
Desmecht, Daniel
Garigliany, Mutien-Marie
author_sort Benzarti, Emna
collection PubMed
description Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, closely related to the West Nile virus (WNV). Similar to WNV, USUV may cause infections in humans, with occasional, but sometimes severe, neurological complications. Further, USUV can be highly pathogenic in wild and captive birds and its circulation in Europe has given rise to substantial avian death. Adequate study models of this virus are still lacking but are critically needed to understand its pathogenesis and virulence spectrum. The chicken embryo is a low-cost, easy-to-manipulate and ethically acceptable model that closely reflects mammalian fetal development and allows immune response investigations, drug screening, and high-throughput virus production for vaccine development. While former studies suggested that this model was refractory to USUV infection, we unexpectedly found that high doses of four phylogenetically distinct USUV strains caused embryonic lethality. By employing immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated that USUV was widely distributed in embryonic tissues, including the brain, retina, and feather follicles. We then successfully developed a primary cell line from the chorioallantoic membrane that was permissive to the virus without the need for viral adaptation. We believe the future use of these models would foster a significant understanding of USUV-induced neuropathogenesis and immune response and allow the future development of drugs and vaccines against USUV.
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spelling pubmed-72910252020-06-17 Usutu Virus Infection of Embryonated Chicken Eggs and a Chicken Embryo-Derived Primary Cell Line Benzarti, Emna Rivas, José Sarlet, Michaël Franssen, Mathieu Moula, Nassim Savini, Giovanni Lorusso, Alessio Desmecht, Daniel Garigliany, Mutien-Marie Viruses Article Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, closely related to the West Nile virus (WNV). Similar to WNV, USUV may cause infections in humans, with occasional, but sometimes severe, neurological complications. Further, USUV can be highly pathogenic in wild and captive birds and its circulation in Europe has given rise to substantial avian death. Adequate study models of this virus are still lacking but are critically needed to understand its pathogenesis and virulence spectrum. The chicken embryo is a low-cost, easy-to-manipulate and ethically acceptable model that closely reflects mammalian fetal development and allows immune response investigations, drug screening, and high-throughput virus production for vaccine development. While former studies suggested that this model was refractory to USUV infection, we unexpectedly found that high doses of four phylogenetically distinct USUV strains caused embryonic lethality. By employing immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated that USUV was widely distributed in embryonic tissues, including the brain, retina, and feather follicles. We then successfully developed a primary cell line from the chorioallantoic membrane that was permissive to the virus without the need for viral adaptation. We believe the future use of these models would foster a significant understanding of USUV-induced neuropathogenesis and immune response and allow the future development of drugs and vaccines against USUV. MDPI 2020-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7291025/ /pubmed/32408481 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12050531 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Benzarti, Emna
Rivas, José
Sarlet, Michaël
Franssen, Mathieu
Moula, Nassim
Savini, Giovanni
Lorusso, Alessio
Desmecht, Daniel
Garigliany, Mutien-Marie
Usutu Virus Infection of Embryonated Chicken Eggs and a Chicken Embryo-Derived Primary Cell Line
title Usutu Virus Infection of Embryonated Chicken Eggs and a Chicken Embryo-Derived Primary Cell Line
title_full Usutu Virus Infection of Embryonated Chicken Eggs and a Chicken Embryo-Derived Primary Cell Line
title_fullStr Usutu Virus Infection of Embryonated Chicken Eggs and a Chicken Embryo-Derived Primary Cell Line
title_full_unstemmed Usutu Virus Infection of Embryonated Chicken Eggs and a Chicken Embryo-Derived Primary Cell Line
title_short Usutu Virus Infection of Embryonated Chicken Eggs and a Chicken Embryo-Derived Primary Cell Line
title_sort usutu virus infection of embryonated chicken eggs and a chicken embryo-derived primary cell line
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7291025/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32408481
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12050531
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