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Lead Contamination in Opium, Opium Tincture, and Methadone Oral Solution, in Iran
BACKGROUND: The present study is conducted with the aim to assess the lead contamination in opium tincture, methadone oral solution, and opium. METHODS: 10 samples from each of the matters of opium tinctures, methadone oral solutions, and opium (provided by the Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic R...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7291899/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582413 http://dx.doi.org/10.22122/ahj.v12i1.258 |
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author | Rahimi, Mitra Eshraghi, Mohammad Amin Shadnia, Shahin |
author_facet | Rahimi, Mitra Eshraghi, Mohammad Amin Shadnia, Shahin |
author_sort | Rahimi, Mitra |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The present study is conducted with the aim to assess the lead contamination in opium tincture, methadone oral solution, and opium. METHODS: 10 samples from each of the matters of opium tinctures, methadone oral solutions, and opium (provided by the Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran) were collected. Then, an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to measure lead concentration in each of the samples. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software. A P value of 0.05 or less was considered to be statistically significant (Two-tailed). FINDINGS: In this study, the amount of lead measured in all samples was equal or less than 5 parts per million (ppm) and the only exception was the lead level of 5.6 ppm in one of the opium tincture samples, which was slightly higher than the standard lead level. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study showed that lead was present in opium tincture, methadone oral solution, and opium, but it was not in toxic levels. It is reasonable for opium derived medicinal products, but the low levels of lead in opium may need to be addressed at different times in different regions of the country. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7291899 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Kerman University of Medical Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72918992020-06-23 Lead Contamination in Opium, Opium Tincture, and Methadone Oral Solution, in Iran Rahimi, Mitra Eshraghi, Mohammad Amin Shadnia, Shahin Addict Health Original Article BACKGROUND: The present study is conducted with the aim to assess the lead contamination in opium tincture, methadone oral solution, and opium. METHODS: 10 samples from each of the matters of opium tinctures, methadone oral solutions, and opium (provided by the Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran) were collected. Then, an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to measure lead concentration in each of the samples. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software. A P value of 0.05 or less was considered to be statistically significant (Two-tailed). FINDINGS: In this study, the amount of lead measured in all samples was equal or less than 5 parts per million (ppm) and the only exception was the lead level of 5.6 ppm in one of the opium tincture samples, which was slightly higher than the standard lead level. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study showed that lead was present in opium tincture, methadone oral solution, and opium, but it was not in toxic levels. It is reasonable for opium derived medicinal products, but the low levels of lead in opium may need to be addressed at different times in different regions of the country. Kerman University of Medical Sciences 2020-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7291899/ /pubmed/32582413 http://dx.doi.org/10.22122/ahj.v12i1.258 Text en © 2020 Kerman University of Medical Sciences http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Rahimi, Mitra Eshraghi, Mohammad Amin Shadnia, Shahin Lead Contamination in Opium, Opium Tincture, and Methadone Oral Solution, in Iran |
title | Lead Contamination in Opium, Opium Tincture, and Methadone Oral Solution, in Iran |
title_full | Lead Contamination in Opium, Opium Tincture, and Methadone Oral Solution, in Iran |
title_fullStr | Lead Contamination in Opium, Opium Tincture, and Methadone Oral Solution, in Iran |
title_full_unstemmed | Lead Contamination in Opium, Opium Tincture, and Methadone Oral Solution, in Iran |
title_short | Lead Contamination in Opium, Opium Tincture, and Methadone Oral Solution, in Iran |
title_sort | lead contamination in opium, opium tincture, and methadone oral solution, in iran |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7291899/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582413 http://dx.doi.org/10.22122/ahj.v12i1.258 |
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