Correlation of metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis: A prospective cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Correlation between urolithiasis and metabolic syndrome has been demonstrated in the literature. This study assessed the association of metabolic syndrome and its components with urolithiasis in Indian patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional prospective observation study included patients aged >18 years with urolithiasis. Demographic details, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, and laboratory parameters were examined. RESULTS: Total 1200 patients with urolithiasis were divided into two groups (with [n = 208] and without metabolic syndrome [n = 992]). The mean age of total population was 47.26 (14.68) years with 721 males and 479 females. The mean height, weight, BMI were significantly different between both groups (P < 0.001). Proportion of obese (BMI >25) patients, proportion of patients with hyperuricemia, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were significantly higher in patients with metabolic syndrome; however, high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were significantly reduced in metabolic syndrome group (P < 0.001). A significantly increasing trend in mean waist circumference, triglycerides, FBS, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure and a decreasing trend in mean HDL with increase in number of metabolic components were observed (P < 0.001). Female patients were 19.6 times more likely to develop metabolic syndrome than male patients (P < 0.001). Increasing waist circumference, triglycerides, FBS, blood pressure were associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome (P < 0.05). Decreasing HDL was associated with reduced risk of metabolic syndrome. Patients with hyperuricemia were 5.68 times more likely to exhibit metabolic syndrome (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: This study indicates the presence of a significant association of metabolic syndrome and its components with urolithiasis.