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The issues with tissues: the wide range of cell fate separation enables the evolution of multicellularity and cancer
Our understanding of the rises of animal and cancer multicellularity face the same conceptual hurdles: what makes the clade originate and what makes it diversify. Between the events of origination and diversification lies complex tissue organization that gave rise to novel functionality for organism...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7293661/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32535731 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12032-020-01387-5 |
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author | Hammarlund, Emma U. Amend, Sarah R. Pienta, Kenneth J. |
author_facet | Hammarlund, Emma U. Amend, Sarah R. Pienta, Kenneth J. |
author_sort | Hammarlund, Emma U. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Our understanding of the rises of animal and cancer multicellularity face the same conceptual hurdles: what makes the clade originate and what makes it diversify. Between the events of origination and diversification lies complex tissue organization that gave rise to novel functionality for organisms and, unfortunately, for malignant transformation in cells. Tissue specialization with distinctly separated cell fates allowed novel functionality at organism level, such as for vertebrate animals, but also involved trade-offs at the cellular level that are potentially disruptive. These trade-offs are under-appreciated and here we discuss how the wide separation of cell phenotypes may contribute to cancer evolution by (a) how factors can reverse differentiated cells into a window of phenotypic plasticity, (b) the reversal to phenotypic plasticity coupled with asexual reproduction occurs in a way that the host cannot adapt, and (c) the power of the transformation factor correlates to the power needed to reverse tissue specialization. The role of reversed cell fate separation for cancer evolution is strengthened by how some tissues and organisms maintain high cell proliferation and plasticity without developing tumours at a corresponding rate. This demonstrates a potential proliferation paradox that requires further explanation. These insights from the cancer field, which observes tissue evolution in real time and closer than any other field, allow inferences to be made on evolutionary events in animal history. If a sweet spot of phenotypic and reproductive versatility is key to transformation, factors stimulating cell fate separation may have promoted also animal diversification on Earth. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7293661 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72936612020-06-16 The issues with tissues: the wide range of cell fate separation enables the evolution of multicellularity and cancer Hammarlund, Emma U. Amend, Sarah R. Pienta, Kenneth J. Med Oncol Perspectives in Oncology Our understanding of the rises of animal and cancer multicellularity face the same conceptual hurdles: what makes the clade originate and what makes it diversify. Between the events of origination and diversification lies complex tissue organization that gave rise to novel functionality for organisms and, unfortunately, for malignant transformation in cells. Tissue specialization with distinctly separated cell fates allowed novel functionality at organism level, such as for vertebrate animals, but also involved trade-offs at the cellular level that are potentially disruptive. These trade-offs are under-appreciated and here we discuss how the wide separation of cell phenotypes may contribute to cancer evolution by (a) how factors can reverse differentiated cells into a window of phenotypic plasticity, (b) the reversal to phenotypic plasticity coupled with asexual reproduction occurs in a way that the host cannot adapt, and (c) the power of the transformation factor correlates to the power needed to reverse tissue specialization. The role of reversed cell fate separation for cancer evolution is strengthened by how some tissues and organisms maintain high cell proliferation and plasticity without developing tumours at a corresponding rate. This demonstrates a potential proliferation paradox that requires further explanation. These insights from the cancer field, which observes tissue evolution in real time and closer than any other field, allow inferences to be made on evolutionary events in animal history. If a sweet spot of phenotypic and reproductive versatility is key to transformation, factors stimulating cell fate separation may have promoted also animal diversification on Earth. Springer US 2020-06-13 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7293661/ /pubmed/32535731 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12032-020-01387-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Perspectives in Oncology Hammarlund, Emma U. Amend, Sarah R. Pienta, Kenneth J. The issues with tissues: the wide range of cell fate separation enables the evolution of multicellularity and cancer |
title | The issues with tissues: the wide range of cell fate separation enables the evolution of multicellularity and cancer |
title_full | The issues with tissues: the wide range of cell fate separation enables the evolution of multicellularity and cancer |
title_fullStr | The issues with tissues: the wide range of cell fate separation enables the evolution of multicellularity and cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | The issues with tissues: the wide range of cell fate separation enables the evolution of multicellularity and cancer |
title_short | The issues with tissues: the wide range of cell fate separation enables the evolution of multicellularity and cancer |
title_sort | issues with tissues: the wide range of cell fate separation enables the evolution of multicellularity and cancer |
topic | Perspectives in Oncology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7293661/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32535731 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12032-020-01387-5 |
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