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Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables
BACKGROUND: Ready to eat (RTE) vegetables are easily accessible healthy foods that are commonly consumed globally, including in Indonesia. However, these RTE vegetables contain potential contamination from pathogens and multi-drug resistant bacteria. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296334/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32566218 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.04.044 |
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author | Mohamed, Saad A. Ardiyati, Tri Rifa’i, Muhaimin Widodo |
author_facet | Mohamed, Saad A. Ardiyati, Tri Rifa’i, Muhaimin Widodo |
author_sort | Mohamed, Saad A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Ready to eat (RTE) vegetables are easily accessible healthy foods that are commonly consumed globally, including in Indonesia. However, these RTE vegetables contain potential contamination from pathogens and multi-drug resistant bacteria. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the presence of tetracycline-resistant E. coli (TRE) isolates from RTE vegetables. METHODS: Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Characterisation of antibiotic resistant genes was performed using PCR and sequencing of tetracycline resistant gene, integron and gene cassette from the TRE isolates. RESULTS: The isolates collected in this study were resistant not only to tetracycline, but also to streptomycin. Some isolates also displayed resistance to kanamycin (77.8%), chloramphenicol (11.1%), and ciprofloxacin (5.6%). All of the isolates contained integrons (intI1) and the tetA gene; tetB was not detected in our study. Further analysis showed that some isolates (38.8%) contained the dfrA7 gene cassette, which encodes dihydrofolate reductase, which is responsible for resistance to trimethoprim. Of all the isolates that presented integrons, 11 isolates (61.1%) did not carry gene cassettes. These empty integrons have the potential to convert themselves rapidly into multigraviton strains. CONCLUSIONS: TRE isolates contain the tetA gene and integron 1. Only 38.8% of the isolates that have been identified contain the dfrA7 gene cassette, which is responsible for trimethoprim antibiotic resistance. Further identification of genes conferring resistance to other antibiotics is necessary to better characterise antibiotic resistance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7296334 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72963342020-06-18 Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables Mohamed, Saad A. Ardiyati, Tri Rifa’i, Muhaimin Widodo Ann Med Surg (Lond) Original Research BACKGROUND: Ready to eat (RTE) vegetables are easily accessible healthy foods that are commonly consumed globally, including in Indonesia. However, these RTE vegetables contain potential contamination from pathogens and multi-drug resistant bacteria. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the presence of tetracycline-resistant E. coli (TRE) isolates from RTE vegetables. METHODS: Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Characterisation of antibiotic resistant genes was performed using PCR and sequencing of tetracycline resistant gene, integron and gene cassette from the TRE isolates. RESULTS: The isolates collected in this study were resistant not only to tetracycline, but also to streptomycin. Some isolates also displayed resistance to kanamycin (77.8%), chloramphenicol (11.1%), and ciprofloxacin (5.6%). All of the isolates contained integrons (intI1) and the tetA gene; tetB was not detected in our study. Further analysis showed that some isolates (38.8%) contained the dfrA7 gene cassette, which encodes dihydrofolate reductase, which is responsible for resistance to trimethoprim. Of all the isolates that presented integrons, 11 isolates (61.1%) did not carry gene cassettes. These empty integrons have the potential to convert themselves rapidly into multigraviton strains. CONCLUSIONS: TRE isolates contain the tetA gene and integron 1. Only 38.8% of the isolates that have been identified contain the dfrA7 gene cassette, which is responsible for trimethoprim antibiotic resistance. Further identification of genes conferring resistance to other antibiotics is necessary to better characterise antibiotic resistance. Elsevier 2020-05-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7296334/ /pubmed/32566218 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.04.044 Text en © 2020 The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Original Research Mohamed, Saad A. Ardiyati, Tri Rifa’i, Muhaimin Widodo Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables |
title | Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables |
title_full | Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables |
title_fullStr | Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables |
title_full_unstemmed | Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables |
title_short | Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables |
title_sort | detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296334/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32566218 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.04.044 |
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