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Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables

BACKGROUND: Ready to eat (RTE) vegetables are easily accessible healthy foods that are commonly consumed globally, including in Indonesia. However, these RTE vegetables contain potential contamination from pathogens and multi-drug resistant bacteria. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the...

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Autores principales: Mohamed, Saad A., Ardiyati, Tri, Rifa’i, Muhaimin, Widodo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296334/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32566218
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.04.044
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author Mohamed, Saad A.
Ardiyati, Tri
Rifa’i, Muhaimin
Widodo
author_facet Mohamed, Saad A.
Ardiyati, Tri
Rifa’i, Muhaimin
Widodo
author_sort Mohamed, Saad A.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Ready to eat (RTE) vegetables are easily accessible healthy foods that are commonly consumed globally, including in Indonesia. However, these RTE vegetables contain potential contamination from pathogens and multi-drug resistant bacteria. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the presence of tetracycline-resistant E. coli (TRE) isolates from RTE vegetables. METHODS: Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Characterisation of antibiotic resistant genes was performed using PCR and sequencing of tetracycline resistant gene, integron and gene cassette from the TRE isolates. RESULTS: The isolates collected in this study were resistant not only to tetracycline, but also to streptomycin. Some isolates also displayed resistance to kanamycin (77.8%), chloramphenicol (11.1%), and ciprofloxacin (5.6%). All of the isolates contained integrons (intI1) and the tetA gene; tetB was not detected in our study. Further analysis showed that some isolates (38.8%) contained the dfrA7 gene cassette, which encodes dihydrofolate reductase, which is responsible for resistance to trimethoprim. Of all the isolates that presented integrons, 11 isolates (61.1%) did not carry gene cassettes. These empty integrons have the potential to convert themselves rapidly into multigraviton strains. CONCLUSIONS: TRE isolates contain the tetA gene and integron 1. Only 38.8% of the isolates that have been identified contain the dfrA7 gene cassette, which is responsible for trimethoprim antibiotic resistance. Further identification of genes conferring resistance to other antibiotics is necessary to better characterise antibiotic resistance.
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spelling pubmed-72963342020-06-18 Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables Mohamed, Saad A. Ardiyati, Tri Rifa’i, Muhaimin Widodo Ann Med Surg (Lond) Original Research BACKGROUND: Ready to eat (RTE) vegetables are easily accessible healthy foods that are commonly consumed globally, including in Indonesia. However, these RTE vegetables contain potential contamination from pathogens and multi-drug resistant bacteria. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the presence of tetracycline-resistant E. coli (TRE) isolates from RTE vegetables. METHODS: Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Characterisation of antibiotic resistant genes was performed using PCR and sequencing of tetracycline resistant gene, integron and gene cassette from the TRE isolates. RESULTS: The isolates collected in this study were resistant not only to tetracycline, but also to streptomycin. Some isolates also displayed resistance to kanamycin (77.8%), chloramphenicol (11.1%), and ciprofloxacin (5.6%). All of the isolates contained integrons (intI1) and the tetA gene; tetB was not detected in our study. Further analysis showed that some isolates (38.8%) contained the dfrA7 gene cassette, which encodes dihydrofolate reductase, which is responsible for resistance to trimethoprim. Of all the isolates that presented integrons, 11 isolates (61.1%) did not carry gene cassettes. These empty integrons have the potential to convert themselves rapidly into multigraviton strains. CONCLUSIONS: TRE isolates contain the tetA gene and integron 1. Only 38.8% of the isolates that have been identified contain the dfrA7 gene cassette, which is responsible for trimethoprim antibiotic resistance. Further identification of genes conferring resistance to other antibiotics is necessary to better characterise antibiotic resistance. Elsevier 2020-05-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7296334/ /pubmed/32566218 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.04.044 Text en © 2020 The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Original Research
Mohamed, Saad A.
Ardiyati, Tri
Rifa’i, Muhaimin
Widodo
Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables
title Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables
title_full Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables
title_fullStr Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables
title_full_unstemmed Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables
title_short Detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables
title_sort detection of class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes and tetracycline resistance genes in escherichia coli isolated from ready to eat vegetables
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296334/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32566218
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.04.044
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