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The potential role of pomegranate and its nano-formulations on cerebral neurons in aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer rat model
The oxidative stress leading to degenerative changes in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is evident. Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic and protective effects of pomegranate extract (PE) and pomegranate extract-loaded nanoparticles (PE nano) in an AlCl 3-induced AD rat model. Nanoparticles...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296487/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32565686 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.045 |
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author | Almuhayawi, Mohammed S. Ramadan, Wafaa S. Harakeh, Steve Al Jaouni, Soad K. Bharali, Dhruba J. Mousa, Shaker A. Almuhayawi, Saad M. |
author_facet | Almuhayawi, Mohammed S. Ramadan, Wafaa S. Harakeh, Steve Al Jaouni, Soad K. Bharali, Dhruba J. Mousa, Shaker A. Almuhayawi, Saad M. |
author_sort | Almuhayawi, Mohammed S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The oxidative stress leading to degenerative changes in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is evident. Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic and protective effects of pomegranate extract (PE) and pomegranate extract-loaded nanoparticles (PE nano) in an AlCl 3-induced AD rat model. Nanoparticles were synthesized with a PE load of 0.68% w/w, and 70 male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups: Group I was the control, Group II received PE., Group III received PE nano for 2 weeks, Group IV received AlCl 3 (50 mg/kg) daily orally for 4 weeks, Group V received PE for 2 weeks, Group VI received PE nano for 2 weeks, and Groups V and VI were started after AlCl 3 administration was stopped. Group VII received PE for 2 weeks and was stopped before AlCl 3 was administered. The Results revealed that the discrimination index in the novel object recognition test was the least in AD rat model but increased in cases protected with PE treated with PE nano. Similar results were shown based on calculating the brain weight/body weight percent. The biomarkers of antioxidant activity (catalase, glutathione and total antioxidant activity) in brain homogenate were significantly increased in groups treated with either PE or PE nano. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance measured to estimate lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in AD rat model and decreased in groups protected with PE or treated with PE nano. Histopathological studies using hematoxylin and eosin, cresyl violet, and silver stains revealed hyaline degeneration, chromatolysis, and hallmarks of AD; neurofibrillary tangles and the senile plaques in brains of AD rat model. Restoration of the histological architecture, Nissl granules, and minimal appearance of hallmarks of AD characterized brains treated with PE or PE nano. In conclusion, PE was more effective as a protectant than a therapeutic measure in alleviating the antioxidant, lipid peroxidative effects and histopathological hallmarks in AD brains. But, the therapeutic PE-loaded nanoparticles increased the efficacy of active components and produced similar results as the protective PE. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7296487 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72964872020-06-18 The potential role of pomegranate and its nano-formulations on cerebral neurons in aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer rat model Almuhayawi, Mohammed S. Ramadan, Wafaa S. Harakeh, Steve Al Jaouni, Soad K. Bharali, Dhruba J. Mousa, Shaker A. Almuhayawi, Saad M. Saudi J Biol Sci Article The oxidative stress leading to degenerative changes in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is evident. Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic and protective effects of pomegranate extract (PE) and pomegranate extract-loaded nanoparticles (PE nano) in an AlCl 3-induced AD rat model. Nanoparticles were synthesized with a PE load of 0.68% w/w, and 70 male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups: Group I was the control, Group II received PE., Group III received PE nano for 2 weeks, Group IV received AlCl 3 (50 mg/kg) daily orally for 4 weeks, Group V received PE for 2 weeks, Group VI received PE nano for 2 weeks, and Groups V and VI were started after AlCl 3 administration was stopped. Group VII received PE for 2 weeks and was stopped before AlCl 3 was administered. The Results revealed that the discrimination index in the novel object recognition test was the least in AD rat model but increased in cases protected with PE treated with PE nano. Similar results were shown based on calculating the brain weight/body weight percent. The biomarkers of antioxidant activity (catalase, glutathione and total antioxidant activity) in brain homogenate were significantly increased in groups treated with either PE or PE nano. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance measured to estimate lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in AD rat model and decreased in groups protected with PE or treated with PE nano. Histopathological studies using hematoxylin and eosin, cresyl violet, and silver stains revealed hyaline degeneration, chromatolysis, and hallmarks of AD; neurofibrillary tangles and the senile plaques in brains of AD rat model. Restoration of the histological architecture, Nissl granules, and minimal appearance of hallmarks of AD characterized brains treated with PE or PE nano. In conclusion, PE was more effective as a protectant than a therapeutic measure in alleviating the antioxidant, lipid peroxidative effects and histopathological hallmarks in AD brains. But, the therapeutic PE-loaded nanoparticles increased the efficacy of active components and produced similar results as the protective PE. Elsevier 2020-07 2020-05-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7296487/ /pubmed/32565686 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.045 Text en © 2020 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Almuhayawi, Mohammed S. Ramadan, Wafaa S. Harakeh, Steve Al Jaouni, Soad K. Bharali, Dhruba J. Mousa, Shaker A. Almuhayawi, Saad M. The potential role of pomegranate and its nano-formulations on cerebral neurons in aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer rat model |
title | The potential role of pomegranate and its nano-formulations on cerebral neurons in aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer rat model |
title_full | The potential role of pomegranate and its nano-formulations on cerebral neurons in aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer rat model |
title_fullStr | The potential role of pomegranate and its nano-formulations on cerebral neurons in aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer rat model |
title_full_unstemmed | The potential role of pomegranate and its nano-formulations on cerebral neurons in aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer rat model |
title_short | The potential role of pomegranate and its nano-formulations on cerebral neurons in aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer rat model |
title_sort | potential role of pomegranate and its nano-formulations on cerebral neurons in aluminum chloride induced alzheimer rat model |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296487/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32565686 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.045 |
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