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Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications

Purinergic receptors play important roles in central nervous system (CNS). These receptors are involved in cellular neuroinflammatory responses that regulate functions of neurons, microglial and astrocytes. Based on their endogenous ligands, purinergic receptors are classified into P1 or adenosine,...

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Autores principales: Zarrinmayeh, Hamideh, Territo, Paul R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7297484/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32539522
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536012120927609
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author Zarrinmayeh, Hamideh
Territo, Paul R.
author_facet Zarrinmayeh, Hamideh
Territo, Paul R.
author_sort Zarrinmayeh, Hamideh
collection PubMed
description Purinergic receptors play important roles in central nervous system (CNS). These receptors are involved in cellular neuroinflammatory responses that regulate functions of neurons, microglial and astrocytes. Based on their endogenous ligands, purinergic receptors are classified into P1 or adenosine, P2X and P2Y receptors. During brain injury or under pathological conditions, rapid diffusion of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or uridine triphosphate (UTP) from the damaged cells, promote microglial activation that result in the changes in expression of several of these receptors in the brain. Imaging of the purinergic receptors with selective Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioligands has advanced our understanding of the functional roles of some of these receptors in healthy and diseased brains. In this review, we have accumulated a list of currently available PET radioligands of the purinergic receptors that are used to elucidate the receptor functions and participations in CNS disorders. We have also reviewed receptors lacking radiotracer, laying the foundation for future discoveries of novel PET radioligands to reveal these receptors roles in CNS disorders.
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spelling pubmed-72974842020-06-25 Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications Zarrinmayeh, Hamideh Territo, Paul R. Mol Imaging Review Article Purinergic receptors play important roles in central nervous system (CNS). These receptors are involved in cellular neuroinflammatory responses that regulate functions of neurons, microglial and astrocytes. Based on their endogenous ligands, purinergic receptors are classified into P1 or adenosine, P2X and P2Y receptors. During brain injury or under pathological conditions, rapid diffusion of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or uridine triphosphate (UTP) from the damaged cells, promote microglial activation that result in the changes in expression of several of these receptors in the brain. Imaging of the purinergic receptors with selective Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioligands has advanced our understanding of the functional roles of some of these receptors in healthy and diseased brains. In this review, we have accumulated a list of currently available PET radioligands of the purinergic receptors that are used to elucidate the receptor functions and participations in CNS disorders. We have also reviewed receptors lacking radiotracer, laying the foundation for future discoveries of novel PET radioligands to reveal these receptors roles in CNS disorders. SAGE Publications 2020-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7297484/ /pubmed/32539522 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536012120927609 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Review Article
Zarrinmayeh, Hamideh
Territo, Paul R.
Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications
title Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications
title_full Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications
title_fullStr Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications
title_full_unstemmed Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications
title_short Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications
title_sort purinergic receptors of the central nervous system: biology, pet ligands, and their applications
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7297484/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32539522
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536012120927609
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