Baiyacha, a wild tea plant naturally occurring high contents of theacrine and 3″-methyl-epigallocatechin gallate from Fujian, China

Baiyacha (BYC) is a kind of wild tea plant growing and utilizing in the remote mountain area of Fujian province, Southeastern China. However, scientific studies on this plant remain limited. Our results showed that BYC exhibits the typical morphological characteristics of Camellia gymnogyna Chang, a closely related species of C. sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, which was not found in Fujian before. Chemical profiling revealed that parts of BYC plants are rich in purine alkaloids and catechins, especially featuring high levels of theacrine and 3″-methyl-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG3″Me), chemical compounds with multiple biological activities that are rarely observed in regular tea plants. The contents of EGCG3″Me and theacrine in BYC both increased with the leaf maturity of tea shoots, whereas the caffeine content decreased significantly. The obtained results provide abundant information about the morphology and chemical compounds of BYC and may be used for tea production, breeding, and scientific research in the future.