Simultaneous photoacoustic microscopy, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein microscopy multi-modality retinal imaging

The goal of this study is to further develop a multi-modality eye imaging system and evaluate its feasibility of acquiring images of different modalities simultaneously. An integrated multimodality imaging system combining spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), and fluorescence microscopy (FM) was developed, and its performance for eye imaging was validated on multiple clinically-relevant retinal disease models in vivo in rabbits. OCT imaging allows for visualization of the different anatomic retinal layers with high axial resolution. PAM can be used to image vasculature, angiogenesis, and hemorrhages. The leakage of neovascularization can be verified with FM and fluorescein dye. Simultaneous imaging with OCT, PAM, and FM ensures co-registration of the three modalities without being affected by motion artifacts caused by breathing, body or eye movements, and heartbeat. This simultaneous multi-modality eye imaging system could be a new tool for applications both in ophthalmology and other fields.