Microwave- and Formaldehyde-Assisted Synthesis of Ag–Ag(3)PO(4) with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye and Crude Oil Fractions

[Image: see text] The release of crude oil and water-soluble dyes into our marine environment is a major global problem. An efficient semiconductor Ag–Ag(3)PO(4) photocatalyst was synthesized using formaldehyde as a reducing agent to form surface active Ag on Ag(3)PO(4) under microwave radiation for heating, and its potential in destroying environmental pollutants has been examined. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of Ag–Ag(3)PO(4) revealed an enhanced absorption in the visible light region. The rate of photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by Ag–Ag(3)PO(4) was over 4-fold compared to Ag(3)PO(4). The potential application of Ag–Ag(3)PO(4) in oil spill remediation was also examined through photocatalytic degradation of benzene, n-hexane, and 1:1 v/v benzene/methanol crude oil-soluble fractions. UV–vis and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the crude oil components after visible light irradiation showed excellent degradation. The photocatalytic efficiency enhancement of Ag–Ag(3)PO(4) is attributed to the excellent electron trapping of silver nanoparticles deposited on the surface of Ag(3)PO(4). This work will motivate future studies to develop recyclable visible light photocatalysts for many applications.