Degradation of Acid Red 73 by Activated Persulfate in a Heat/Fe(3)O(4)@AC System with Ultrasound Intensification

[Image: see text] This work aimed to investigate the degradation efficiency of waste water with an azo dye, Acid Red 73 (AR73), by persulfate/heat/Fe(3)O(4)@AC/ultrasound (US). The introduction of ultrasound into the persulfate/heat/Fe(3)O(4)@AC system greatly enhanced the reaction rate because of the physical and chemical effects induced by cavitation. Various parameters such as temperature, initial pH, sodium persulfate dosage, catalyst dosage, initial concentration of AR73, ultrasonic frequency and power, and free-radical quenching agents were investigated. The optimal conditions were determined to be AR73 50 mg/L, PS 7.5 mmol/L, catalyst dosage 2 g/L, ultrasound frequency 80 kHz, acoustic density 5.4 W/L, temperature 50 °C, and pH not adjusted. Nearly, 100% decolorization was achieved within 10 min under optimal conditions. Different from some other similar research studies, the reaction did not follow a radical-dominating way but rather had (1)O(2) as the main reactive species. The recycling and reusability test confirmed the superiority of the prepared Fe(3)O(4)@AC catalyst. The research achieved a rapid decolorization method not only using waste heat of textile water as a persulfate activator but also applicable to a complex environment where common radical scavengers such as ethanol exist.