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Evaluation of oral fluralaner (Bravecto(®)) for efficacy against nymphs of Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato)

BACKGROUND: Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) nymphs commonly feed on and transmit pathogens to dogs (Canis familiaris). Control of immature and adult tick life stages is necessary to fully protect animals. We evaluated efficacy of oral fluralaner (Bravecto(®)) against i...

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Autores principales: Allen, Kelly, Little, Susan, Petersen, Melissa, Gruntmeir, Jeff, Barrett, Anne, Herrin, Brian, Starkey, Lindsay, Sun, Fangshi, Guerino, Frank
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7302130/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32552774
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04179-y
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author Allen, Kelly
Little, Susan
Petersen, Melissa
Gruntmeir, Jeff
Barrett, Anne
Herrin, Brian
Starkey, Lindsay
Sun, Fangshi
Guerino, Frank
author_facet Allen, Kelly
Little, Susan
Petersen, Melissa
Gruntmeir, Jeff
Barrett, Anne
Herrin, Brian
Starkey, Lindsay
Sun, Fangshi
Guerino, Frank
author_sort Allen, Kelly
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) nymphs commonly feed on and transmit pathogens to dogs (Canis familiaris). Control of immature and adult tick life stages is necessary to fully protect animals. We evaluated efficacy of oral fluralaner (Bravecto(®)) against induced infestations with A. americanum and R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs on dogs in two experiments. METHODS: In each experiment, 10 dogs were administered oral fluralaner chewable tablets one time on Day 0 at a targeted minimum dose of 25 mg/kg body weight and 10 dogs remained non-treated controls. Dogs were infested with two groups of 50 A. americanum nymphs and two groups of 50 R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs on Days -1, 6, 28, 56 and 84. At 48 h and 72 h post-infestation, nymphs were collected from dogs, assessed as live or dead, and enumerated into categories defining attachment and engorgement status. Fluralaner efficacy was determined in separate analyses against all live nymphs and against live-fed nymphs, i.e. live nymphs that were attached to dogs at the time of collection and/or were engorged. Fluralaner was considered effective when mean numbers of live ticks were reduced in fluralaner-treated dogs by ≥ 90%. RESULTS: Fluralaner efficacy against all live and live-fed A. americanum nymphs in the first experiment was > 94% on all collection days. Efficacy against all live R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs in the first experiment was  > 96% on all collection days  excluding the 48 h counts for infestations on Days 28 (83.7%), 56 (82.9%) and 84 (86.7%); efficacy against live-fed R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs was > 95% on all 48 h/72 h count days. Fluralaner efficacy against all live A. americanum nymphs in the second experiment was > 93% on all collection days for 8 weeks excluding the 48 h count for infestation on Day 56 (87.8%); efficacy against live-fed A. americanum nymphs was > 91% on all count days for 8 weeks. Efficacy against all live R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs in the  second experiment was > 91% on all 72 h collection days  except for infestations on Days 28 (76.8%) and 56 (86.3%); efficacy against live-fed R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs was 100% on all 72 h count days. CONCLUSIONS: A single administration of oral fluralaner to dogs is effective against A. americanum and R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs for up to 12 weeks. [Image: see text]
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spelling pubmed-73021302020-06-19 Evaluation of oral fluralaner (Bravecto(®)) for efficacy against nymphs of Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) Allen, Kelly Little, Susan Petersen, Melissa Gruntmeir, Jeff Barrett, Anne Herrin, Brian Starkey, Lindsay Sun, Fangshi Guerino, Frank Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) nymphs commonly feed on and transmit pathogens to dogs (Canis familiaris). Control of immature and adult tick life stages is necessary to fully protect animals. We evaluated efficacy of oral fluralaner (Bravecto(®)) against induced infestations with A. americanum and R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs on dogs in two experiments. METHODS: In each experiment, 10 dogs were administered oral fluralaner chewable tablets one time on Day 0 at a targeted minimum dose of 25 mg/kg body weight and 10 dogs remained non-treated controls. Dogs were infested with two groups of 50 A. americanum nymphs and two groups of 50 R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs on Days -1, 6, 28, 56 and 84. At 48 h and 72 h post-infestation, nymphs were collected from dogs, assessed as live or dead, and enumerated into categories defining attachment and engorgement status. Fluralaner efficacy was determined in separate analyses against all live nymphs and against live-fed nymphs, i.e. live nymphs that were attached to dogs at the time of collection and/or were engorged. Fluralaner was considered effective when mean numbers of live ticks were reduced in fluralaner-treated dogs by ≥ 90%. RESULTS: Fluralaner efficacy against all live and live-fed A. americanum nymphs in the first experiment was > 94% on all collection days. Efficacy against all live R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs in the first experiment was  > 96% on all collection days  excluding the 48 h counts for infestations on Days 28 (83.7%), 56 (82.9%) and 84 (86.7%); efficacy against live-fed R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs was > 95% on all 48 h/72 h count days. Fluralaner efficacy against all live A. americanum nymphs in the second experiment was > 93% on all collection days for 8 weeks excluding the 48 h count for infestation on Day 56 (87.8%); efficacy against live-fed A. americanum nymphs was > 91% on all count days for 8 weeks. Efficacy against all live R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs in the  second experiment was > 91% on all 72 h collection days  except for infestations on Days 28 (76.8%) and 56 (86.3%); efficacy against live-fed R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs was 100% on all 72 h count days. CONCLUSIONS: A single administration of oral fluralaner to dogs is effective against A. americanum and R. sanguineus (s.l.) nymphs for up to 12 weeks. [Image: see text] BioMed Central 2020-06-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7302130/ /pubmed/32552774 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04179-y Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Allen, Kelly
Little, Susan
Petersen, Melissa
Gruntmeir, Jeff
Barrett, Anne
Herrin, Brian
Starkey, Lindsay
Sun, Fangshi
Guerino, Frank
Evaluation of oral fluralaner (Bravecto(®)) for efficacy against nymphs of Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato)
title Evaluation of oral fluralaner (Bravecto(®)) for efficacy against nymphs of Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato)
title_full Evaluation of oral fluralaner (Bravecto(®)) for efficacy against nymphs of Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato)
title_fullStr Evaluation of oral fluralaner (Bravecto(®)) for efficacy against nymphs of Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato)
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of oral fluralaner (Bravecto(®)) for efficacy against nymphs of Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato)
title_short Evaluation of oral fluralaner (Bravecto(®)) for efficacy against nymphs of Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato)
title_sort evaluation of oral fluralaner (bravecto(®)) for efficacy against nymphs of amblyomma americanum and rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato)
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7302130/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32552774
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04179-y
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