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Chlorine disinfection promotes the exchange of antibiotic resistance genes across bacterial genera by natural transformation
Chlorine disinfection to drinking water plays an important role in preventing and controlling waterborne disease outbreaks globally. Nevertheless, little is known about why it enriches the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria after chlorination. Here, ARGs released from killed antibiotic-r...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7305130/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32327733 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-0656-9 |
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author | Jin, Min Liu, Lu Wang, Da-ning Yang, Dong Liu, Wei-li Yin, Jing Yang, Zhong-wei Wang, Hua-ran Qiu, Zhi-gang Shen, Zhi-qiang Shi, Dan-yang Li, Hai-bei Guo, Jian-hua Li, Jun-wen |
author_facet | Jin, Min Liu, Lu Wang, Da-ning Yang, Dong Liu, Wei-li Yin, Jing Yang, Zhong-wei Wang, Hua-ran Qiu, Zhi-gang Shen, Zhi-qiang Shi, Dan-yang Li, Hai-bei Guo, Jian-hua Li, Jun-wen |
author_sort | Jin, Min |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chlorine disinfection to drinking water plays an important role in preventing and controlling waterborne disease outbreaks globally. Nevertheless, little is known about why it enriches the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria after chlorination. Here, ARGs released from killed antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and culturable chlorine-injured bacteria produced in the chlorination process as the recipient, were investigated to determine their contribution to the horizontal transfer of ARGs during disinfection treatment. We discovered Escherichia coli, Salmonella aberdeen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis showed diverse resistance to sodium hypochlorite, and transferable RP4 could be released from killed sensitive donor consistently. Meanwhile, the survival of chlorine-tolerant injured bacteria with enhanced cell membrane permeabilisation and a strong oxidative stress-response demonstrated that a physiologically competent cell could be transferred by RP4 with an improved transformation frequency of up to 550 times compared with the corresponding untreated bacteria. Furthermore, the water quality factors involving chemical oxygen demand (COD(Mn)), ammonium nitrogen and metal ions (Ca(2+) and K(+)) could significantly promote above transformation frequency of released RP4 into injured E. faecalis. Our findings demonstrated that the chlorination process promoted the horizontal transfer of plasmids by natural transformation, which resulted in the exchange of ARGs across bacterial genera and the emergence of new ARB, as well as the transfer of chlorine-injured opportunistic pathogen from non-ARB to ARB. Considering that the transfer elements were quite resistant to degradation through disinfection, this situation poses a potential risk to public health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7305130 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73051302020-06-22 Chlorine disinfection promotes the exchange of antibiotic resistance genes across bacterial genera by natural transformation Jin, Min Liu, Lu Wang, Da-ning Yang, Dong Liu, Wei-li Yin, Jing Yang, Zhong-wei Wang, Hua-ran Qiu, Zhi-gang Shen, Zhi-qiang Shi, Dan-yang Li, Hai-bei Guo, Jian-hua Li, Jun-wen ISME J Article Chlorine disinfection to drinking water plays an important role in preventing and controlling waterborne disease outbreaks globally. Nevertheless, little is known about why it enriches the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria after chlorination. Here, ARGs released from killed antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and culturable chlorine-injured bacteria produced in the chlorination process as the recipient, were investigated to determine their contribution to the horizontal transfer of ARGs during disinfection treatment. We discovered Escherichia coli, Salmonella aberdeen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis showed diverse resistance to sodium hypochlorite, and transferable RP4 could be released from killed sensitive donor consistently. Meanwhile, the survival of chlorine-tolerant injured bacteria with enhanced cell membrane permeabilisation and a strong oxidative stress-response demonstrated that a physiologically competent cell could be transferred by RP4 with an improved transformation frequency of up to 550 times compared with the corresponding untreated bacteria. Furthermore, the water quality factors involving chemical oxygen demand (COD(Mn)), ammonium nitrogen and metal ions (Ca(2+) and K(+)) could significantly promote above transformation frequency of released RP4 into injured E. faecalis. Our findings demonstrated that the chlorination process promoted the horizontal transfer of plasmids by natural transformation, which resulted in the exchange of ARGs across bacterial genera and the emergence of new ARB, as well as the transfer of chlorine-injured opportunistic pathogen from non-ARB to ARB. Considering that the transfer elements were quite resistant to degradation through disinfection, this situation poses a potential risk to public health. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-04-23 2020-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7305130/ /pubmed/32327733 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-0656-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Jin, Min Liu, Lu Wang, Da-ning Yang, Dong Liu, Wei-li Yin, Jing Yang, Zhong-wei Wang, Hua-ran Qiu, Zhi-gang Shen, Zhi-qiang Shi, Dan-yang Li, Hai-bei Guo, Jian-hua Li, Jun-wen Chlorine disinfection promotes the exchange of antibiotic resistance genes across bacterial genera by natural transformation |
title | Chlorine disinfection promotes the exchange of antibiotic resistance genes across bacterial genera by natural transformation |
title_full | Chlorine disinfection promotes the exchange of antibiotic resistance genes across bacterial genera by natural transformation |
title_fullStr | Chlorine disinfection promotes the exchange of antibiotic resistance genes across bacterial genera by natural transformation |
title_full_unstemmed | Chlorine disinfection promotes the exchange of antibiotic resistance genes across bacterial genera by natural transformation |
title_short | Chlorine disinfection promotes the exchange of antibiotic resistance genes across bacterial genera by natural transformation |
title_sort | chlorine disinfection promotes the exchange of antibiotic resistance genes across bacterial genera by natural transformation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7305130/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32327733 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-0656-9 |
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