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Multiple Genetic Trajectories to Extreme Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Arctic Brassicaceae
Extreme environments offer powerful opportunities to study how different organisms have adapted to similar selection pressures at the molecular level. Arctic plants have adapted to some of the coldest and driest biomes on Earth and typically possess suites of similar morphological and physiological...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7306683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32167553 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa068 |
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author | Birkeland, Siri Gustafsson, A Lovisa S Brysting, Anne K Brochmann, Christian Nowak, Michael D |
author_facet | Birkeland, Siri Gustafsson, A Lovisa S Brysting, Anne K Brochmann, Christian Nowak, Michael D |
author_sort | Birkeland, Siri |
collection | PubMed |
description | Extreme environments offer powerful opportunities to study how different organisms have adapted to similar selection pressures at the molecular level. Arctic plants have adapted to some of the coldest and driest biomes on Earth and typically possess suites of similar morphological and physiological adaptations to extremes in light and temperature. Here, we compare patterns of molecular evolution in three Brassicaceae species that have independently colonized the Arctic and present some of the first genetic evidence for plant adaptations to the Arctic environment. By testing for positive selection and identifying convergent substitutions in orthologous gene alignments for a total of 15 Brassicaceae species, we find that positive selection has been acting on different genes, but similar functional pathways in the three Arctic lineages. The positively selected gene sets identified in the three Arctic species showed convergent functional profiles associated with extreme abiotic stress characteristic of the Arctic. However, there was little evidence for independently fixed mutations at the same sites and for positive selection acting on the same genes. The three species appear to have evolved similar suites of adaptations by modifying different components in similar stress response pathways, implying that there could be many genetic trajectories for adaptation to the Arctic environment. By identifying candidate genes and functional pathways potentially involved in Arctic adaptation, our results provide a framework for future studies aimed at testing for the existence of a functional syndrome of Arctic adaptation in the Brassicaceae and perhaps flowering plants in general. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7306683 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73066832020-06-29 Multiple Genetic Trajectories to Extreme Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Arctic Brassicaceae Birkeland, Siri Gustafsson, A Lovisa S Brysting, Anne K Brochmann, Christian Nowak, Michael D Mol Biol Evol Discoveries Extreme environments offer powerful opportunities to study how different organisms have adapted to similar selection pressures at the molecular level. Arctic plants have adapted to some of the coldest and driest biomes on Earth and typically possess suites of similar morphological and physiological adaptations to extremes in light and temperature. Here, we compare patterns of molecular evolution in three Brassicaceae species that have independently colonized the Arctic and present some of the first genetic evidence for plant adaptations to the Arctic environment. By testing for positive selection and identifying convergent substitutions in orthologous gene alignments for a total of 15 Brassicaceae species, we find that positive selection has been acting on different genes, but similar functional pathways in the three Arctic lineages. The positively selected gene sets identified in the three Arctic species showed convergent functional profiles associated with extreme abiotic stress characteristic of the Arctic. However, there was little evidence for independently fixed mutations at the same sites and for positive selection acting on the same genes. The three species appear to have evolved similar suites of adaptations by modifying different components in similar stress response pathways, implying that there could be many genetic trajectories for adaptation to the Arctic environment. By identifying candidate genes and functional pathways potentially involved in Arctic adaptation, our results provide a framework for future studies aimed at testing for the existence of a functional syndrome of Arctic adaptation in the Brassicaceae and perhaps flowering plants in general. Oxford University Press 2020-07 2020-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7306683/ /pubmed/32167553 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa068 Text en © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Discoveries Birkeland, Siri Gustafsson, A Lovisa S Brysting, Anne K Brochmann, Christian Nowak, Michael D Multiple Genetic Trajectories to Extreme Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Arctic Brassicaceae |
title | Multiple Genetic Trajectories to Extreme Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Arctic Brassicaceae |
title_full | Multiple Genetic Trajectories to Extreme Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Arctic Brassicaceae |
title_fullStr | Multiple Genetic Trajectories to Extreme Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Arctic Brassicaceae |
title_full_unstemmed | Multiple Genetic Trajectories to Extreme Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Arctic Brassicaceae |
title_short | Multiple Genetic Trajectories to Extreme Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Arctic Brassicaceae |
title_sort | multiple genetic trajectories to extreme abiotic stress adaptation in arctic brassicaceae |
topic | Discoveries |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7306683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32167553 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa068 |
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