A Rare Case of Measles-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Infant

Measles continues to be a threat in most European countries due to suboptimum vaccination coverage. Although measles leads to several complications, measles-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has been rarely reported. Herein, we present a case of a four-month-old male infant, the first child of unrelated, healthy parents, with no significant medical history or unexplained infant death in the family, otherwise healthy, who was diagnosed with measles-associated HLH and was successfully treated with IV dexamethasone and IV immunoglobulin (IVIG). Additionally, we review previously reported cases of HLH secondary to measles and highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with its early recognition and treatment. High suspicion, early recognition, and appropriate treatment are essential for a favorable outcome of measles-associated HLH.