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Photometric Sensing of Active Chlorine, Total Chlorine, and pH on a Microfluidic Chip for Online Swimming Pool Monitoring
A microfluidic sensor was studied for the photometric detection of active chlorine, total chlorine, and pH in swimming pool samples. The sensor consisted of a four-layer borosilicate glass chip, containing a microchannel network and a 2.2 mm path length, 1.7 μL optical cell. The chip was optimised t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308966/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32486236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113099 |
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author | Elmas, Sait Pospisilova, Aneta Sekulska, Aneta Anna Vasilev, Vasil Nann, Thomas Thornton, Stephen Priest, Craig |
author_facet | Elmas, Sait Pospisilova, Aneta Sekulska, Aneta Anna Vasilev, Vasil Nann, Thomas Thornton, Stephen Priest, Craig |
author_sort | Elmas, Sait |
collection | PubMed |
description | A microfluidic sensor was studied for the photometric detection of active chlorine, total chlorine, and pH in swimming pool samples. The sensor consisted of a four-layer borosilicate glass chip, containing a microchannel network and a 2.2 mm path length, 1.7 μL optical cell. The chip was optimised to measure the bleaching of methyl orange and spectral changes in phenol red for quantitative chlorine (active and total) and pH measurements that were suited to swimming pool monitoring. Reagent consumption (60 μL per measurement) was minimised to allow for maintenance-free operation over a nominal summer season (3 months) with minimal waste. The chip was tested using samples from 12 domestic, public, and commercial swimming pools (indoor and outdoor), with results that compare favourably with commercial products (test strips and the N,N′-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) method), precision pH electrodes, and iodometric titration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7308966 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73089662020-06-25 Photometric Sensing of Active Chlorine, Total Chlorine, and pH on a Microfluidic Chip for Online Swimming Pool Monitoring Elmas, Sait Pospisilova, Aneta Sekulska, Aneta Anna Vasilev, Vasil Nann, Thomas Thornton, Stephen Priest, Craig Sensors (Basel) Article A microfluidic sensor was studied for the photometric detection of active chlorine, total chlorine, and pH in swimming pool samples. The sensor consisted of a four-layer borosilicate glass chip, containing a microchannel network and a 2.2 mm path length, 1.7 μL optical cell. The chip was optimised to measure the bleaching of methyl orange and spectral changes in phenol red for quantitative chlorine (active and total) and pH measurements that were suited to swimming pool monitoring. Reagent consumption (60 μL per measurement) was minimised to allow for maintenance-free operation over a nominal summer season (3 months) with minimal waste. The chip was tested using samples from 12 domestic, public, and commercial swimming pools (indoor and outdoor), with results that compare favourably with commercial products (test strips and the N,N′-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) method), precision pH electrodes, and iodometric titration. MDPI 2020-05-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7308966/ /pubmed/32486236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113099 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Elmas, Sait Pospisilova, Aneta Sekulska, Aneta Anna Vasilev, Vasil Nann, Thomas Thornton, Stephen Priest, Craig Photometric Sensing of Active Chlorine, Total Chlorine, and pH on a Microfluidic Chip for Online Swimming Pool Monitoring |
title | Photometric Sensing of Active Chlorine, Total Chlorine, and pH on a Microfluidic Chip for Online Swimming Pool Monitoring |
title_full | Photometric Sensing of Active Chlorine, Total Chlorine, and pH on a Microfluidic Chip for Online Swimming Pool Monitoring |
title_fullStr | Photometric Sensing of Active Chlorine, Total Chlorine, and pH on a Microfluidic Chip for Online Swimming Pool Monitoring |
title_full_unstemmed | Photometric Sensing of Active Chlorine, Total Chlorine, and pH on a Microfluidic Chip for Online Swimming Pool Monitoring |
title_short | Photometric Sensing of Active Chlorine, Total Chlorine, and pH on a Microfluidic Chip for Online Swimming Pool Monitoring |
title_sort | photometric sensing of active chlorine, total chlorine, and ph on a microfluidic chip for online swimming pool monitoring |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308966/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32486236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113099 |
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