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Longitudinal Study of Metabolic Biomarkers among Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand
The aim of this longitudinal study is to assess how pesticide use may impact metabolic biomarkers by collecting and comparing data from conventional (n = 13) and organic farmers (n = 225) every eight months for four rounds. Farmers were interviewed about family health history, food consumption behav...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7312260/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32545375 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114178 |
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author | Kongtip, Pornpimol Nankongnab, Noppanun Kallayanatham, Nichcha Pundee, Ritthirong Yimsabai, Jutharak Woskie, Susan |
author_facet | Kongtip, Pornpimol Nankongnab, Noppanun Kallayanatham, Nichcha Pundee, Ritthirong Yimsabai, Jutharak Woskie, Susan |
author_sort | Kongtip, Pornpimol |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aim of this longitudinal study is to assess how pesticide use may impact metabolic biomarkers by collecting and comparing data from conventional (n = 13) and organic farmers (n = 225) every eight months for four rounds. Farmers were interviewed about family health history, food consumption behaviors, self-reported health problems, agricultural activities, and history of pesticide use. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Blood samples were collected for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), blood glucose, and triglycerides. A linear mixed model with random intercepts for subjects was used to compare the metabolic biomarkers between conventional and organic farmers and to examine the impact of the number of pesticide spray days for all four rounds after controlling for covariates. The conventional farmers reported using insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. The marginal means for chemical farmers were significantly higher than organic farmers for total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference. Increasing the number of days of spraying either insecticides or fungicides was associated with an increase in HDL, LDL, and cholesterol levels. Increasing the number of herbicide spray days was associated with an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a decrease in BMI. These findings suggest that pesticide-using conventional farmers may be at higher risk of metabolic disease in the future. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7312260 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73122602020-06-26 Longitudinal Study of Metabolic Biomarkers among Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand Kongtip, Pornpimol Nankongnab, Noppanun Kallayanatham, Nichcha Pundee, Ritthirong Yimsabai, Jutharak Woskie, Susan Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The aim of this longitudinal study is to assess how pesticide use may impact metabolic biomarkers by collecting and comparing data from conventional (n = 13) and organic farmers (n = 225) every eight months for four rounds. Farmers were interviewed about family health history, food consumption behaviors, self-reported health problems, agricultural activities, and history of pesticide use. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Blood samples were collected for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), blood glucose, and triglycerides. A linear mixed model with random intercepts for subjects was used to compare the metabolic biomarkers between conventional and organic farmers and to examine the impact of the number of pesticide spray days for all four rounds after controlling for covariates. The conventional farmers reported using insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. The marginal means for chemical farmers were significantly higher than organic farmers for total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference. Increasing the number of days of spraying either insecticides or fungicides was associated with an increase in HDL, LDL, and cholesterol levels. Increasing the number of herbicide spray days was associated with an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a decrease in BMI. These findings suggest that pesticide-using conventional farmers may be at higher risk of metabolic disease in the future. MDPI 2020-06-11 2020-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7312260/ /pubmed/32545375 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114178 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kongtip, Pornpimol Nankongnab, Noppanun Kallayanatham, Nichcha Pundee, Ritthirong Yimsabai, Jutharak Woskie, Susan Longitudinal Study of Metabolic Biomarkers among Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand |
title | Longitudinal Study of Metabolic Biomarkers among Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand |
title_full | Longitudinal Study of Metabolic Biomarkers among Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand |
title_fullStr | Longitudinal Study of Metabolic Biomarkers among Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand |
title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal Study of Metabolic Biomarkers among Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand |
title_short | Longitudinal Study of Metabolic Biomarkers among Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand |
title_sort | longitudinal study of metabolic biomarkers among conventional and organic farmers in thailand |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7312260/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32545375 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114178 |
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