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The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) have been reported repeatedly in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and studies have reported interesting correlations between severity of behavioral and gastrointestinal symptoms. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota in ASD is altered with vario...

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Autores principales: Abdellatif, Basma, McVeigh, Clare, Bendriss, Ghizlane, Chaari, Ali
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7312735/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32532137
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114159
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author Abdellatif, Basma
McVeigh, Clare
Bendriss, Ghizlane
Chaari, Ali
author_facet Abdellatif, Basma
McVeigh, Clare
Bendriss, Ghizlane
Chaari, Ali
author_sort Abdellatif, Basma
collection PubMed
description Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) have been reported repeatedly in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and studies have reported interesting correlations between severity of behavioral and gastrointestinal symptoms. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota in ASD is altered with various shifts described at different taxonomic levels, pointing to the importance of considering the gut–brain axis in treatment of these disorders. Probiotics are live beneficial bacteria that are ingested as food or customized pills. These beneficial bacteria, when added in sufficient amounts, can correct the dysbiosis. Because probiotics have shown success in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it is plausible to investigate whether they can induce alleviation of behavioral symptoms as well. Probiotics show, in some clinical studies, their potential benefits (1) in improving gastrointestinal dysfunction, (2) in correcting dysbiosis, (3) in consequently reducing the severity of ASD symptoms. This review compiles data from selected studies that investigate these benefits and the mechanisms that mediate these effects, which include the production of metabolites, hormones, and neurotransmitters and the regulation of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. Future research based on more randomized, controlled studies with a larger population size and standardized use of strains, concentration of probiotics, duration of treatments, and methods of DNA extraction is still needed in this area, which may lead to more robust results.
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spelling pubmed-73127352020-06-26 The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders Abdellatif, Basma McVeigh, Clare Bendriss, Ghizlane Chaari, Ali Int J Mol Sci Review Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) have been reported repeatedly in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and studies have reported interesting correlations between severity of behavioral and gastrointestinal symptoms. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota in ASD is altered with various shifts described at different taxonomic levels, pointing to the importance of considering the gut–brain axis in treatment of these disorders. Probiotics are live beneficial bacteria that are ingested as food or customized pills. These beneficial bacteria, when added in sufficient amounts, can correct the dysbiosis. Because probiotics have shown success in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it is plausible to investigate whether they can induce alleviation of behavioral symptoms as well. Probiotics show, in some clinical studies, their potential benefits (1) in improving gastrointestinal dysfunction, (2) in correcting dysbiosis, (3) in consequently reducing the severity of ASD symptoms. This review compiles data from selected studies that investigate these benefits and the mechanisms that mediate these effects, which include the production of metabolites, hormones, and neurotransmitters and the regulation of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. Future research based on more randomized, controlled studies with a larger population size and standardized use of strains, concentration of probiotics, duration of treatments, and methods of DNA extraction is still needed in this area, which may lead to more robust results. MDPI 2020-06-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7312735/ /pubmed/32532137 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114159 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Abdellatif, Basma
McVeigh, Clare
Bendriss, Ghizlane
Chaari, Ali
The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders
title The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders
title_full The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders
title_fullStr The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders
title_full_unstemmed The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders
title_short The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders
title_sort promising role of probiotics in managing the altered gut in autism spectrum disorders
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7312735/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32532137
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114159
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