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CAR-T Cell Therapies: An Overview of Clinical Studies Supporting Their Approved Use against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Large B-Cell Lymphomas

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is an exciting development in the field of cancer immunology, wherein immune T-cells from patients are collected, engineered to create ‘CAR’-T cells, and infused back into the same patient. Currently, two CAR-T-cell-based therapies, Tisagenlecleucel and...

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Autores principales: Ahmad, Aamir, Uddin, Shahab, Steinhoff, Martin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7312930/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32486160
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113906
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author Ahmad, Aamir
Uddin, Shahab
Steinhoff, Martin
author_facet Ahmad, Aamir
Uddin, Shahab
Steinhoff, Martin
author_sort Ahmad, Aamir
collection PubMed
description Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is an exciting development in the field of cancer immunology, wherein immune T-cells from patients are collected, engineered to create ‘CAR’-T cells, and infused back into the same patient. Currently, two CAR-T-cell-based therapies, Tisagenlecleucel and Axicabtagene ciloleucel, are approved by FDA for the treatment of hematological malignancies, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and large B-cell lymphomas. Their approval has been a culmination of several phase I and II clinical studies, which are the subject of discussion in this review article. Over the years, CAR-T cells have evolved to be significantly more persistent in patients’ blood, resulting in a much-improved clinical response and disease remission. This is particularly significant given that the target patient populations of these therapies are those with relapsed and refractory disease who have often progressed on multiple therapies. Despite the promising clinical results, there are still several challenges that need to be addressed. Of particular note are the associated toxicities exemplified by cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and the neurotoxicity. CRS has been addressed by an FDA-approved therapy of its own—tocilizumab. This article focuses on the progress related to CAR-T therapy: the pertinent clinical studies and their major findings, their associated adverse effects, and future perspective.
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spelling pubmed-73129302020-06-29 CAR-T Cell Therapies: An Overview of Clinical Studies Supporting Their Approved Use against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Large B-Cell Lymphomas Ahmad, Aamir Uddin, Shahab Steinhoff, Martin Int J Mol Sci Review Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is an exciting development in the field of cancer immunology, wherein immune T-cells from patients are collected, engineered to create ‘CAR’-T cells, and infused back into the same patient. Currently, two CAR-T-cell-based therapies, Tisagenlecleucel and Axicabtagene ciloleucel, are approved by FDA for the treatment of hematological malignancies, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and large B-cell lymphomas. Their approval has been a culmination of several phase I and II clinical studies, which are the subject of discussion in this review article. Over the years, CAR-T cells have evolved to be significantly more persistent in patients’ blood, resulting in a much-improved clinical response and disease remission. This is particularly significant given that the target patient populations of these therapies are those with relapsed and refractory disease who have often progressed on multiple therapies. Despite the promising clinical results, there are still several challenges that need to be addressed. Of particular note are the associated toxicities exemplified by cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and the neurotoxicity. CRS has been addressed by an FDA-approved therapy of its own—tocilizumab. This article focuses on the progress related to CAR-T therapy: the pertinent clinical studies and their major findings, their associated adverse effects, and future perspective. MDPI 2020-05-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7312930/ /pubmed/32486160 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113906 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ahmad, Aamir
Uddin, Shahab
Steinhoff, Martin
CAR-T Cell Therapies: An Overview of Clinical Studies Supporting Their Approved Use against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Large B-Cell Lymphomas
title CAR-T Cell Therapies: An Overview of Clinical Studies Supporting Their Approved Use against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Large B-Cell Lymphomas
title_full CAR-T Cell Therapies: An Overview of Clinical Studies Supporting Their Approved Use against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Large B-Cell Lymphomas
title_fullStr CAR-T Cell Therapies: An Overview of Clinical Studies Supporting Their Approved Use against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Large B-Cell Lymphomas
title_full_unstemmed CAR-T Cell Therapies: An Overview of Clinical Studies Supporting Their Approved Use against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Large B-Cell Lymphomas
title_short CAR-T Cell Therapies: An Overview of Clinical Studies Supporting Their Approved Use against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Large B-Cell Lymphomas
title_sort car-t cell therapies: an overview of clinical studies supporting their approved use against acute lymphoblastic leukemia and large b-cell lymphomas
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7312930/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32486160
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113906
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