Ecological Compensation Strategy for SDG-Based Basin-Type National Parks: A Case Study of the Baoxing Giant Panda National Park

An ecological compensation mechanism is the basic condition for the sustainable development of national parks and the key institutional measure to implement goals 1, 3, 6, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, and 17 of the sustainable development goals. In this study, the current ecological compensation mechanism was summarized and analyzed from the aspects of promotion mode, realization routine, and implementation effect, on the basis of the sustainable development needs of national parks and the public welfare character in construction and management. In addition, the practical demands of ecological compensation for basin-type national parks were presented in the setting of the main body and mode of multiparticipation, and the key points of compensation. The “1 + 1 + N” basin-type national park ecological compensation system was designed on the basis of the framework of horizontal protection and vertical development. Taking the Baoxing Giant Panda National Park as an example, typical compensation scenarios were designed from five common compensation approaches; namely, fund, project, technology, material, and policy compensations. The compensation modes were selected and the effect was predicted in combination with local actual situation. Finally, the optimal combination scheme of ecological compensations for national parks was determined on the basis of the return on investment index.