The Effects of a Multicomponent Lower Extremity Training Technique on Physical Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: We aimed to examine the outcomes of our novel multicomponent lower extremity training (MLT) technique on physical function in older adults. Methods: Participants were randomly divided into a training group (TG) or a control group (CG). The TG (4 men, 14 women) received MLT for 24 weeks, once per week. MLT contains strength, balance, and flexibility components. The CG (5 men, 10 women) did not receive any training for 24 weeks. Nine lower extremity range of motions (ROMs; hip flexion, hip abduction, hip adduction, hip extension, internal and external hip rotations, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and ankle plantar flexion) and two muscle strength assessments (knee extension and flexion) were collected. Physical performance tests were also performed, including the functional reach test, timed up and go test (TUGT), and five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST). Results: After 24 weeks, significant increases were observed in the TG in all ROMs (with the exception of knee flexion), knee extension strength, and performance in the TUGT and FTSST. Conclusions: MLT significantly improved ROM, muscle strength, and physical performance in healthy older adults. We suggest that it is an efficacious intervention in the maintenance and improvement of mobility and functional independence in healthy older adults. Trial registration: UMIN CTR, UMIN000037463. https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000041955