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An approach to social flexibility: Congruency effects during spontaneous word-by-word interaction
Cognitive flexibility is the ability to switch between different concepts or to adapt goal-directed behavior in a changing environment. Although, cognitive research on this ability has long been focused on the individual mind, it is becoming increasingly clear that cognitive flexibility plays a cent...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7313956/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32579618 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235083 |
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author | Schwenke, Diana Goregliad Fjaellingsdal, Tatiana Bleichner, Martin G. Grage, Tobias Scherbaum, Stefan |
author_facet | Schwenke, Diana Goregliad Fjaellingsdal, Tatiana Bleichner, Martin G. Grage, Tobias Scherbaum, Stefan |
author_sort | Schwenke, Diana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cognitive flexibility is the ability to switch between different concepts or to adapt goal-directed behavior in a changing environment. Although, cognitive research on this ability has long been focused on the individual mind, it is becoming increasingly clear that cognitive flexibility plays a central role in our social life. This is particularly evident in turn-taking in verbal conversation, where cognitive flexibility of the individual becomes part of social flexibility in the dyadic interaction. In this work, we introduce a model that reveals different parameters that explain how people flexibly handle unexpected events in verbal conversation. In order to study hypotheses derived from the model, we use a novel experimental approach in which thirty pairs of participants engaged in a word-by-word interaction by taking turns in generating sentences word by word. Similar to well established individual cognitive tasks, participants needed to adapt their behavior in order to respond to their co-actor’s last utterance. With our experimental approach we could manipulate the interaction between participants: Either both participants had to construct a sentence with a common target word (congruent condition) or with distinct target words (incongruent condition). We further studied the relation between the interactive Word-by-Word task measures and classical individual-centered, cognitive tasks, namely the Number-Letter task, the Stop-Signal task, and the GoNogo task. In the Word-by-Word task, we found that participants had faster response times in congruent compared to incongruent trials, which replicates the primary findings of standard cognitive tasks measuring cognitive flexibility. Further, we found a significant correlation between the performance in the Word-by-Word task and the Stop-Signal task indicating that participants with a high cognitive flexibility in the Word-by-Word task also showed high inhibition control. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7313956 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73139562020-06-29 An approach to social flexibility: Congruency effects during spontaneous word-by-word interaction Schwenke, Diana Goregliad Fjaellingsdal, Tatiana Bleichner, Martin G. Grage, Tobias Scherbaum, Stefan PLoS One Research Article Cognitive flexibility is the ability to switch between different concepts or to adapt goal-directed behavior in a changing environment. Although, cognitive research on this ability has long been focused on the individual mind, it is becoming increasingly clear that cognitive flexibility plays a central role in our social life. This is particularly evident in turn-taking in verbal conversation, where cognitive flexibility of the individual becomes part of social flexibility in the dyadic interaction. In this work, we introduce a model that reveals different parameters that explain how people flexibly handle unexpected events in verbal conversation. In order to study hypotheses derived from the model, we use a novel experimental approach in which thirty pairs of participants engaged in a word-by-word interaction by taking turns in generating sentences word by word. Similar to well established individual cognitive tasks, participants needed to adapt their behavior in order to respond to their co-actor’s last utterance. With our experimental approach we could manipulate the interaction between participants: Either both participants had to construct a sentence with a common target word (congruent condition) or with distinct target words (incongruent condition). We further studied the relation between the interactive Word-by-Word task measures and classical individual-centered, cognitive tasks, namely the Number-Letter task, the Stop-Signal task, and the GoNogo task. In the Word-by-Word task, we found that participants had faster response times in congruent compared to incongruent trials, which replicates the primary findings of standard cognitive tasks measuring cognitive flexibility. Further, we found a significant correlation between the performance in the Word-by-Word task and the Stop-Signal task indicating that participants with a high cognitive flexibility in the Word-by-Word task also showed high inhibition control. Public Library of Science 2020-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7313956/ /pubmed/32579618 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235083 Text en © 2020 Schwenke et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Schwenke, Diana Goregliad Fjaellingsdal, Tatiana Bleichner, Martin G. Grage, Tobias Scherbaum, Stefan An approach to social flexibility: Congruency effects during spontaneous word-by-word interaction |
title | An approach to social flexibility: Congruency effects during spontaneous word-by-word interaction |
title_full | An approach to social flexibility: Congruency effects during spontaneous word-by-word interaction |
title_fullStr | An approach to social flexibility: Congruency effects during spontaneous word-by-word interaction |
title_full_unstemmed | An approach to social flexibility: Congruency effects during spontaneous word-by-word interaction |
title_short | An approach to social flexibility: Congruency effects during spontaneous word-by-word interaction |
title_sort | approach to social flexibility: congruency effects during spontaneous word-by-word interaction |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7313956/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32579618 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235083 |
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