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Concurrent advanced HIV disease and viral load suppression in a high-burden setting: Findings from the 2015–6 ZIMPHIA survey
BACKGROUND: As Zimbabwe approaches epidemic control of HIV, programs now prioritize viral load over CD4 monitoring, making it difficult to identify persons living with HIV (PLHIV) suffering from advanced disease (AD). We present an analysis of cross-sectional ZIMPHIA data, highlighting PLHIV with AD...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7316262/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32584821 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230205 |
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author | Balachandra, S. Rogers, J. H. Ruangtragool, L. Radin, E. Musuka, G. Oboho, I. Paulin, H. Parekh, B. Birhanu, S. Takarinda, K. C. Hakim, A. Apollo, T. |
author_facet | Balachandra, S. Rogers, J. H. Ruangtragool, L. Radin, E. Musuka, G. Oboho, I. Paulin, H. Parekh, B. Birhanu, S. Takarinda, K. C. Hakim, A. Apollo, T. |
author_sort | Balachandra, S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: As Zimbabwe approaches epidemic control of HIV, programs now prioritize viral load over CD4 monitoring, making it difficult to identify persons living with HIV (PLHIV) suffering from advanced disease (AD). We present an analysis of cross-sectional ZIMPHIA data, highlighting PLHIV with AD and concurrent viral load suppression (VLS). METHODS: ZIMPHIA collected blood specimens for HIV testing from 22,501 consenting adults (ages 15 years and older); 3,466 PLHIV had CD4 and VL results. Household HIV testing used the national serial algorithm, and those testing positive then received point-of-care CD4 enumeration with subsequent VL testing. We used logistic regression analysis to explore factors associated with concurrent AD and VLS (<1000 copies/mL). All analyses were weighted to account for complex survey design. RESULTS: Of the 3,466 PLHIV in the survey with CD4 and VL results, 17% were found to have AD (CD4<200cells/mm(3)). Of all AD patients, 30% had VLS. Concurrent AD and VLS was associated with male sex (aOR 2.45 95%CI 1.61–3.72), older age (35–49 years [aOR 2.46 95%CI 1.03–5.91] and 50+ years [aOR 4.82 95%CI 2.02–11.46] vs 15–24 years), and ART duration (<6 months [aOR 0.46 95%CI 0.29–0.76] and 6–24 months [aOR 2.07 95%CI 1.35–3.17] vs more than 2 years). The relationship between sex and AD is driven by age with significant associations among men aged 25–34, (aOR 3.37 95%CI 1.35–8.41), 35–49 (aOR 5.13 95%CI 2.16–12.18), and 50+ (aOR 12.56 95%CI 4.82–32.72) versus men aged 15–24. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of PLHIV with AD and VLS illustrates the conundrum of decreased support for CD4 monitoring, as these patients may not receive appropriate clinical services for advanced HIV disease. In high-prevalence settings such as Zimbabwe, CD4 monitoring support warrants further consideration to differentiate care appropriately for the most vulnerable PLHIV. Males may need to be prioritized, given their over-representation in this sub-population. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7316262 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73162622020-06-30 Concurrent advanced HIV disease and viral load suppression in a high-burden setting: Findings from the 2015–6 ZIMPHIA survey Balachandra, S. Rogers, J. H. Ruangtragool, L. Radin, E. Musuka, G. Oboho, I. Paulin, H. Parekh, B. Birhanu, S. Takarinda, K. C. Hakim, A. Apollo, T. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: As Zimbabwe approaches epidemic control of HIV, programs now prioritize viral load over CD4 monitoring, making it difficult to identify persons living with HIV (PLHIV) suffering from advanced disease (AD). We present an analysis of cross-sectional ZIMPHIA data, highlighting PLHIV with AD and concurrent viral load suppression (VLS). METHODS: ZIMPHIA collected blood specimens for HIV testing from 22,501 consenting adults (ages 15 years and older); 3,466 PLHIV had CD4 and VL results. Household HIV testing used the national serial algorithm, and those testing positive then received point-of-care CD4 enumeration with subsequent VL testing. We used logistic regression analysis to explore factors associated with concurrent AD and VLS (<1000 copies/mL). All analyses were weighted to account for complex survey design. RESULTS: Of the 3,466 PLHIV in the survey with CD4 and VL results, 17% were found to have AD (CD4<200cells/mm(3)). Of all AD patients, 30% had VLS. Concurrent AD and VLS was associated with male sex (aOR 2.45 95%CI 1.61–3.72), older age (35–49 years [aOR 2.46 95%CI 1.03–5.91] and 50+ years [aOR 4.82 95%CI 2.02–11.46] vs 15–24 years), and ART duration (<6 months [aOR 0.46 95%CI 0.29–0.76] and 6–24 months [aOR 2.07 95%CI 1.35–3.17] vs more than 2 years). The relationship between sex and AD is driven by age with significant associations among men aged 25–34, (aOR 3.37 95%CI 1.35–8.41), 35–49 (aOR 5.13 95%CI 2.16–12.18), and 50+ (aOR 12.56 95%CI 4.82–32.72) versus men aged 15–24. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of PLHIV with AD and VLS illustrates the conundrum of decreased support for CD4 monitoring, as these patients may not receive appropriate clinical services for advanced HIV disease. In high-prevalence settings such as Zimbabwe, CD4 monitoring support warrants further consideration to differentiate care appropriately for the most vulnerable PLHIV. Males may need to be prioritized, given their over-representation in this sub-population. Public Library of Science 2020-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7316262/ /pubmed/32584821 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230205 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Balachandra, S. Rogers, J. H. Ruangtragool, L. Radin, E. Musuka, G. Oboho, I. Paulin, H. Parekh, B. Birhanu, S. Takarinda, K. C. Hakim, A. Apollo, T. Concurrent advanced HIV disease and viral load suppression in a high-burden setting: Findings from the 2015–6 ZIMPHIA survey |
title | Concurrent advanced HIV disease and viral load suppression in a high-burden setting: Findings from the 2015–6 ZIMPHIA survey |
title_full | Concurrent advanced HIV disease and viral load suppression in a high-burden setting: Findings from the 2015–6 ZIMPHIA survey |
title_fullStr | Concurrent advanced HIV disease and viral load suppression in a high-burden setting: Findings from the 2015–6 ZIMPHIA survey |
title_full_unstemmed | Concurrent advanced HIV disease and viral load suppression in a high-burden setting: Findings from the 2015–6 ZIMPHIA survey |
title_short | Concurrent advanced HIV disease and viral load suppression in a high-burden setting: Findings from the 2015–6 ZIMPHIA survey |
title_sort | concurrent advanced hiv disease and viral load suppression in a high-burden setting: findings from the 2015–6 zimphia survey |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7316262/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32584821 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230205 |
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