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Enhanced spinal neuronal responses as a mechanism for increased number and size of active acupoints in visceral hyperalgesia
Acupuncture has been used to treat a variety of illness and involves the insertion and manipulation of needles into specific points on the body (termed “acupoints”). It has been suggested that acupoints are not merely discrete, static points, but can be dynamically changed according to the pathologi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7316812/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32587303 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67242-9 |
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author | Fan, Yu Ryu, Yeonhee Zhao, Rongjie Bills, Kyle B. Steffensen, Scott C. Yang, Chae Ha Kim, Hee Young |
author_facet | Fan, Yu Ryu, Yeonhee Zhao, Rongjie Bills, Kyle B. Steffensen, Scott C. Yang, Chae Ha Kim, Hee Young |
author_sort | Fan, Yu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Acupuncture has been used to treat a variety of illness and involves the insertion and manipulation of needles into specific points on the body (termed “acupoints”). It has been suggested that acupoints are not merely discrete, static points, but can be dynamically changed according to the pathological state of internal organs. We investigated in a rat model of mustard oil (MO)-induced visceral hyperalgesia whether the number and size of acupoints were modified according to the severity of the colonic pain, and whether the changes were associated with enhanced activity of the spinal dorsal horn. In MO-treated rats, acupoints showing neurogenic inflammation (termed “neurogenic spots” or Neuro-Sps) were found both bilaterally and unilaterally on the leg. The number and size of these acupoints increased along with increasing doses of MO. Electroacupuncture of the acupoints generated analgesic effects on MO-induced visceral hypersensitivity. The MO-treated rats showed an increase in c-Fos expression in spinal dorsal horn neurons and displayed increased evoked activity and a prolonged after-discharge in spinal wide dynamic response (WDR) neurons in response to colorectal distension. Increased number and size of neurogenic inflammatory acupoints following MO treatment were reduced by inhibiting AMPA and NMDA receptors in the spinal cord. Our findings suggest that acupoints demonstrate increased number and size along with severity of visceral pain, which may be associated with enhanced neuronal responses in spinal dorsal horn neurons. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7316812 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73168122020-06-26 Enhanced spinal neuronal responses as a mechanism for increased number and size of active acupoints in visceral hyperalgesia Fan, Yu Ryu, Yeonhee Zhao, Rongjie Bills, Kyle B. Steffensen, Scott C. Yang, Chae Ha Kim, Hee Young Sci Rep Article Acupuncture has been used to treat a variety of illness and involves the insertion and manipulation of needles into specific points on the body (termed “acupoints”). It has been suggested that acupoints are not merely discrete, static points, but can be dynamically changed according to the pathological state of internal organs. We investigated in a rat model of mustard oil (MO)-induced visceral hyperalgesia whether the number and size of acupoints were modified according to the severity of the colonic pain, and whether the changes were associated with enhanced activity of the spinal dorsal horn. In MO-treated rats, acupoints showing neurogenic inflammation (termed “neurogenic spots” or Neuro-Sps) were found both bilaterally and unilaterally on the leg. The number and size of these acupoints increased along with increasing doses of MO. Electroacupuncture of the acupoints generated analgesic effects on MO-induced visceral hypersensitivity. The MO-treated rats showed an increase in c-Fos expression in spinal dorsal horn neurons and displayed increased evoked activity and a prolonged after-discharge in spinal wide dynamic response (WDR) neurons in response to colorectal distension. Increased number and size of neurogenic inflammatory acupoints following MO treatment were reduced by inhibiting AMPA and NMDA receptors in the spinal cord. Our findings suggest that acupoints demonstrate increased number and size along with severity of visceral pain, which may be associated with enhanced neuronal responses in spinal dorsal horn neurons. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7316812/ /pubmed/32587303 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67242-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Fan, Yu Ryu, Yeonhee Zhao, Rongjie Bills, Kyle B. Steffensen, Scott C. Yang, Chae Ha Kim, Hee Young Enhanced spinal neuronal responses as a mechanism for increased number and size of active acupoints in visceral hyperalgesia |
title | Enhanced spinal neuronal responses as a mechanism for increased number and size of active acupoints in visceral hyperalgesia |
title_full | Enhanced spinal neuronal responses as a mechanism for increased number and size of active acupoints in visceral hyperalgesia |
title_fullStr | Enhanced spinal neuronal responses as a mechanism for increased number and size of active acupoints in visceral hyperalgesia |
title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced spinal neuronal responses as a mechanism for increased number and size of active acupoints in visceral hyperalgesia |
title_short | Enhanced spinal neuronal responses as a mechanism for increased number and size of active acupoints in visceral hyperalgesia |
title_sort | enhanced spinal neuronal responses as a mechanism for increased number and size of active acupoints in visceral hyperalgesia |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7316812/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32587303 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67242-9 |
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