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Borderline resistance to oxacillin in Staphylococcus aureus after treatment with sub-lethal sodium hypochlorite concentrations

Surface disinfectants are regularly used in prophylactic and infection control measures. Concern has been raised whether residues of sub-inhibitory disinfectant concentrations may constitute a selective pressure and could contribute to the development of strains which are tolerant and/or resistant t...

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Autores principales: Speck, Stephanie, Wenke, Cindy, Feßler, Andrea T., Kacza, Johannes, Geber, Franziska, Scholtzek, Anissa D., Hanke, Dennis, Eichhorn, Inga, Schwarz, Stefan, Rosolowski, Maciej, Truyen, Uwe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7317233/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32613099
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04070
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author Speck, Stephanie
Wenke, Cindy
Feßler, Andrea T.
Kacza, Johannes
Geber, Franziska
Scholtzek, Anissa D.
Hanke, Dennis
Eichhorn, Inga
Schwarz, Stefan
Rosolowski, Maciej
Truyen, Uwe
author_facet Speck, Stephanie
Wenke, Cindy
Feßler, Andrea T.
Kacza, Johannes
Geber, Franziska
Scholtzek, Anissa D.
Hanke, Dennis
Eichhorn, Inga
Schwarz, Stefan
Rosolowski, Maciej
Truyen, Uwe
author_sort Speck, Stephanie
collection PubMed
description Surface disinfectants are regularly used in prophylactic and infection control measures. Concern has been raised whether residues of sub-inhibitory disinfectant concentrations may constitute a selective pressure and could contribute to the development of strains which are tolerant and/or resistant to biocides including antibiotics. The current study investigated whether Staphylococcus (S.) aureus ATCC® 29213™ and ATCC® 6538™ would change their growth characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles after prolonged treatment with sub-inhibitory concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). NaOCl is a fast-acting disinfectant with a broad-spectrum activity, inexpensive and widely used in healthcare and the food production industry. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for NaOCl was determined by broth macrodilution according to the guidelines for disinfectant efficacy testing provided by the German Veterinary Medical Society. Serial passages after 24 h and 72 h, respectively, in defined sub-inhibitory concentrations of NaOCl resulted in a number of phenotypic variants. Two of these variants, derived from S. aureus ATCC® 29213™, showed elevated MICs of oxacillin and were considered as in vitro-generated borderline oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (BORSA). Transmission electron microscopy revealed a significantly thickened cell wall in these isolates, a phenomenon that has also been described for Listeria monocytogenes after low-level exposure to NaOCl. Whole genome sequencing revealed an early stop codon in the gene coding for the GdpP protein and thereby abolishing the function of this gene. GdpP represents a phosphodiesterase that regulates gene expression, and loss of function of the GdpP protein has been described in association with borderline oxacillin resistance. Our findings suggest that a mutation in the GdpP protein gene and morphological changes of the cell wall were induced by repeated exposure to sub-lethal NaOCl concentrations, and most likely accounted for a BORSA phenotype in two variants derived from S. aureus ATCC® 29213™.
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spelling pubmed-73172332020-06-30 Borderline resistance to oxacillin in Staphylococcus aureus after treatment with sub-lethal sodium hypochlorite concentrations Speck, Stephanie Wenke, Cindy Feßler, Andrea T. Kacza, Johannes Geber, Franziska Scholtzek, Anissa D. Hanke, Dennis Eichhorn, Inga Schwarz, Stefan Rosolowski, Maciej Truyen, Uwe Heliyon Article Surface disinfectants are regularly used in prophylactic and infection control measures. Concern has been raised whether residues of sub-inhibitory disinfectant concentrations may constitute a selective pressure and could contribute to the development of strains which are tolerant and/or resistant to biocides including antibiotics. The current study investigated whether Staphylococcus (S.) aureus ATCC® 29213™ and ATCC® 6538™ would change their growth characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles after prolonged treatment with sub-inhibitory concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). NaOCl is a fast-acting disinfectant with a broad-spectrum activity, inexpensive and widely used in healthcare and the food production industry. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for NaOCl was determined by broth macrodilution according to the guidelines for disinfectant efficacy testing provided by the German Veterinary Medical Society. Serial passages after 24 h and 72 h, respectively, in defined sub-inhibitory concentrations of NaOCl resulted in a number of phenotypic variants. Two of these variants, derived from S. aureus ATCC® 29213™, showed elevated MICs of oxacillin and were considered as in vitro-generated borderline oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (BORSA). Transmission electron microscopy revealed a significantly thickened cell wall in these isolates, a phenomenon that has also been described for Listeria monocytogenes after low-level exposure to NaOCl. Whole genome sequencing revealed an early stop codon in the gene coding for the GdpP protein and thereby abolishing the function of this gene. GdpP represents a phosphodiesterase that regulates gene expression, and loss of function of the GdpP protein has been described in association with borderline oxacillin resistance. Our findings suggest that a mutation in the GdpP protein gene and morphological changes of the cell wall were induced by repeated exposure to sub-lethal NaOCl concentrations, and most likely accounted for a BORSA phenotype in two variants derived from S. aureus ATCC® 29213™. Elsevier 2020-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7317233/ /pubmed/32613099 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04070 Text en © 2020 The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Speck, Stephanie
Wenke, Cindy
Feßler, Andrea T.
Kacza, Johannes
Geber, Franziska
Scholtzek, Anissa D.
Hanke, Dennis
Eichhorn, Inga
Schwarz, Stefan
Rosolowski, Maciej
Truyen, Uwe
Borderline resistance to oxacillin in Staphylococcus aureus after treatment with sub-lethal sodium hypochlorite concentrations
title Borderline resistance to oxacillin in Staphylococcus aureus after treatment with sub-lethal sodium hypochlorite concentrations
title_full Borderline resistance to oxacillin in Staphylococcus aureus after treatment with sub-lethal sodium hypochlorite concentrations
title_fullStr Borderline resistance to oxacillin in Staphylococcus aureus after treatment with sub-lethal sodium hypochlorite concentrations
title_full_unstemmed Borderline resistance to oxacillin in Staphylococcus aureus after treatment with sub-lethal sodium hypochlorite concentrations
title_short Borderline resistance to oxacillin in Staphylococcus aureus after treatment with sub-lethal sodium hypochlorite concentrations
title_sort borderline resistance to oxacillin in staphylococcus aureus after treatment with sub-lethal sodium hypochlorite concentrations
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7317233/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32613099
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04070
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