Management of central nervous system involvement in multiple myeloma after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by uncontrolled clonal proliferation of plasma cells, mainly in bone marrow, and its extramedullary involvement is rare. Central nervous system involvement in MM is a highly aggressive disease with a survival of less than 6 months. The best treatment regimen for MM with CNS involvement is still unknown and in most patients, the prognosis is unfavorable. To date, there is no report of CNS involvement without evidence of systemic involvement in a known case with MM. Here, we report a 58-year-old male with MM who recurred CNS involvement without evidence of systemic involvement following autologous stem cell transplant.