Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Kisspeptin Expression in the Hypothalamus of Rats with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine changes in the expression levels of kisspeptin‐1 (Kiss1) in the hypothalamus during the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and after treatment with sleeve gastrectomy (SG). METHODS: This study used chronic dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) alone and DHEA plus a high‐fat diet (HFD) to generate a PCOS rat model. Subsequently, SG was performed in the animals with PCOS and the effects on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, sex hormones, estrous cyclicity, adiponectin, and Kiss1 expression in the hypothalamus were investigated. RESULTS: Impaired glucose tolerance, decreased insulin sensitivity, reduced adiponectin levels, disrupted estrous cyclicity, and elevated sex hormone levels associated with PCOS models were restored to normal following SG. In addition, SG was able to restore the increase in the expression of Kiss1 mRNA and Kiss1‐positive neurons in the arcuate nucleus of rats with PCOS. Interestingly, although SG did not result in a significant loss of body weight in rats administered DHEA under a chow diet, it resulted in comparable metabolic improvements and Kiss1 expression in rats that had been administered DHEA along with an HFD. CONCLUSIONS: The recovery of normal levels of Kiss1 expression in the hypothalamus after SG in this study suggests that Kiss1 might play an important role in the development of PCOS and its improvement by SG.