PEGylated lipid nanocarrier for enhancing photodynamic therapy of skin carcinoma using curcumin: in-vitro/in-vivo studies and histopathological examination

The use of (PEG)-grafted materials has a positive impact on drug delivery. In this study we designed PEGylated lipid nanocarriers (PLN) loaded with curcumin (Cur) to target skin cancer by photodynamic therapy. Cur is a polyphenolic compound having vast biological effects masked due to its low aqueous solubility. PLN were prepared using Tefose 1500 with different surfactants. PLN3, containing Tween 80, had the smallest particle size (167.60 ± 15.12 nm), Z = − 26.91 mV and, attained the highest drug release (Q24 = 75.02 ± 4.61% and Q48 = 98.25 ± 6.89%). TEM showed spherical, well-separated nanoparticles. The dark and photo-cytotoxicity study on a human skin cancer cell line (A431) revealed that, at all tested concentrations, the viability of cells treated with PLN3 was significantly lower than those treated by Cur suspension and, it decreased upon irradiation by blue light (410 nm). The amount of Cur extracted from the skin of mice treated by PLN3 was twice that of mice treated by aqueous drug suspension, this was confirmed by the increase in fluorescence intensity measured by confocal laser microscopy. Histopathological studies showed that PLN3 could extend Cur effect to deeper skin layers, especially after irradiation. This study highlights the possible efficacy of curcumin-loaded PEGylated lipidic nanoparticles to combat skin cancer by photodynamic therapy.