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Correlation Between the Indentation Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Capacitor Discharge Welded WC-Co/High-Speed Steel Joints
The welding of cemented carbide to tool steel is a challenging task, of scientific and industrial relevance, as it combines the high level of hardness of cemented carbide with the high level of fracture toughness of steel, while reducing the shaping cost and extending the application versatility, as...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7321642/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32545198 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112657 |
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author | Maizza, Giovanni Pero, Renato De Marco, Frediano Ohmura, Takahito |
author_facet | Maizza, Giovanni Pero, Renato De Marco, Frediano Ohmura, Takahito |
author_sort | Maizza, Giovanni |
collection | PubMed |
description | The welding of cemented carbide to tool steel is a challenging task, of scientific and industrial relevance, as it combines the high level of hardness of cemented carbide with the high level of fracture toughness of steel, while reducing the shaping cost and extending the application versatility, as its tribological, toughness, thermal and chemical properties can be optimally harmonised. The already existing joining technologies often impart either insufficient toughness or poor high-temperature strength to a joint to withstand the ever-increasing severe service condition demands. In this paper, a novel capacitor discharge welding (CDW) process is investigated for the case of a butt-joint between a tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) composite rod and an AISI M35 high-speed steel (HSS) rod. The latter was shaped with a conical-ended projection to promote a high current concentration and heat at the welding zone. CDW functions by combining a direct current (DC) electric current pulse and external uniaxial pressure after a preloading step, in which only uniaxial pressure is applied. The relatively high heating and cooling rates promote a thin layer of a characteristic ultrafine microstructure that combines high strength and toughness. Morphological analysis showed that the CDW process: (a) forms a sound and net shaped joint, (b) preserves the sub-micrometric grain structure of the original WC-Co composite base materials, via a transitional layer, (c) refines the microstructure of the original martensite of the HSS base material, and (d) results in an improved corrosion resistance across a 1-mm thick layer near the weld interface on the steel side. A nano-indentation test survey determined: (e) no hardness deterioration on the HSS side of the weld zone, although (f) a slight decrease in hardness was observed across the transitional layer on the composite side. Furthermore, (g) an indication of toughness of the joint was perceived as the size of the crack induced by processing the residual stress after sample preparation was unaltered. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7321642 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73216422020-07-20 Correlation Between the Indentation Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Capacitor Discharge Welded WC-Co/High-Speed Steel Joints Maizza, Giovanni Pero, Renato De Marco, Frediano Ohmura, Takahito Materials (Basel) Article The welding of cemented carbide to tool steel is a challenging task, of scientific and industrial relevance, as it combines the high level of hardness of cemented carbide with the high level of fracture toughness of steel, while reducing the shaping cost and extending the application versatility, as its tribological, toughness, thermal and chemical properties can be optimally harmonised. The already existing joining technologies often impart either insufficient toughness or poor high-temperature strength to a joint to withstand the ever-increasing severe service condition demands. In this paper, a novel capacitor discharge welding (CDW) process is investigated for the case of a butt-joint between a tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) composite rod and an AISI M35 high-speed steel (HSS) rod. The latter was shaped with a conical-ended projection to promote a high current concentration and heat at the welding zone. CDW functions by combining a direct current (DC) electric current pulse and external uniaxial pressure after a preloading step, in which only uniaxial pressure is applied. The relatively high heating and cooling rates promote a thin layer of a characteristic ultrafine microstructure that combines high strength and toughness. Morphological analysis showed that the CDW process: (a) forms a sound and net shaped joint, (b) preserves the sub-micrometric grain structure of the original WC-Co composite base materials, via a transitional layer, (c) refines the microstructure of the original martensite of the HSS base material, and (d) results in an improved corrosion resistance across a 1-mm thick layer near the weld interface on the steel side. A nano-indentation test survey determined: (e) no hardness deterioration on the HSS side of the weld zone, although (f) a slight decrease in hardness was observed across the transitional layer on the composite side. Furthermore, (g) an indication of toughness of the joint was perceived as the size of the crack induced by processing the residual stress after sample preparation was unaltered. MDPI 2020-06-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7321642/ /pubmed/32545198 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112657 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Maizza, Giovanni Pero, Renato De Marco, Frediano Ohmura, Takahito Correlation Between the Indentation Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Capacitor Discharge Welded WC-Co/High-Speed Steel Joints |
title | Correlation Between the Indentation Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Capacitor Discharge Welded WC-Co/High-Speed Steel Joints |
title_full | Correlation Between the Indentation Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Capacitor Discharge Welded WC-Co/High-Speed Steel Joints |
title_fullStr | Correlation Between the Indentation Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Capacitor Discharge Welded WC-Co/High-Speed Steel Joints |
title_full_unstemmed | Correlation Between the Indentation Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Capacitor Discharge Welded WC-Co/High-Speed Steel Joints |
title_short | Correlation Between the Indentation Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Capacitor Discharge Welded WC-Co/High-Speed Steel Joints |
title_sort | correlation between the indentation properties and microstructure of dissimilar capacitor discharge welded wc-co/high-speed steel joints |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7321642/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32545198 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112657 |
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