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Staphylococcus lugdunensis: Review of Epidemiology, Complications, and Treatment

Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) that induces a variety of infectious diseases, including skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI), infective endocarditis (IE), and bone and PJI. This review article underscores the important points in the literature abou...

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Autores principales: Parthasarathy, Shridhar, Shah, Shrey, Raja Sager, Avinaash, Rangan, Anvitha, Durugu, Satya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7325404/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32617242
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8801
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author Parthasarathy, Shridhar
Shah, Shrey
Raja Sager, Avinaash
Rangan, Anvitha
Durugu, Satya
author_facet Parthasarathy, Shridhar
Shah, Shrey
Raja Sager, Avinaash
Rangan, Anvitha
Durugu, Satya
author_sort Parthasarathy, Shridhar
collection PubMed
description Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) that induces a variety of infectious diseases, including skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI), infective endocarditis (IE), and bone and PJI. This review article underscores the important points in the literature about S. lugdunensis infections, including its epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as specific types of infections it can cause. Anatomical and age-related distributions of S. lugdunensis SSTIs have been noted, though they most commonly occur as abscesses. S. lugdunensis can also manifest as an aggressive form of IE presenting with valve destruction and abscess formation, frequently requiring surgery and with a high mortality rate. Bone and joint infections caused by S. lugdunensis are also more invasive than infections by other species of CNS. The clinical presentation of S. lugdunensis infection in SSTI, IE, and bone/joint infection is frequently more similar to that of S. aureus infection than that of other CNS infections, necessitating species-level differentiation of CNS for proper diagnosis. Though historically, this depended upon biochemical tests that were neither routine nor reliable, the implementation of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in clinical laboratories has made identification of CNS species such as S. lugdunensis more practical. Imaging modalities, especially the fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) with positron emission tomography (PET), are another important emerging trend in the diagnosis of infectious diseases such as S. lugdunensis infection. S. lugdunensis remains highly susceptible to a wide gamut of antibacterial therapies, which is uncharacteristic of other CNS. Infections can usually be treated by antibiotics traditionally used for CNS such as oxacillin. The breakpoints for S. lugdunensis are higher than those of other CNS and similar to S. aureus breakpoints. In the case of aggressive IE or bone/joint infection by S. lugdunensis, it is recommended to treat with a β-lactam agent. Further study is needed to understand the diversity, virulence, and population structure of this species, as well as its role in other infections, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory infections, peritonitis, and bacteremia. 
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spelling pubmed-73254042020-07-01 Staphylococcus lugdunensis: Review of Epidemiology, Complications, and Treatment Parthasarathy, Shridhar Shah, Shrey Raja Sager, Avinaash Rangan, Anvitha Durugu, Satya Cureus Internal Medicine Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) that induces a variety of infectious diseases, including skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI), infective endocarditis (IE), and bone and PJI. This review article underscores the important points in the literature about S. lugdunensis infections, including its epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as specific types of infections it can cause. Anatomical and age-related distributions of S. lugdunensis SSTIs have been noted, though they most commonly occur as abscesses. S. lugdunensis can also manifest as an aggressive form of IE presenting with valve destruction and abscess formation, frequently requiring surgery and with a high mortality rate. Bone and joint infections caused by S. lugdunensis are also more invasive than infections by other species of CNS. The clinical presentation of S. lugdunensis infection in SSTI, IE, and bone/joint infection is frequently more similar to that of S. aureus infection than that of other CNS infections, necessitating species-level differentiation of CNS for proper diagnosis. Though historically, this depended upon biochemical tests that were neither routine nor reliable, the implementation of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in clinical laboratories has made identification of CNS species such as S. lugdunensis more practical. Imaging modalities, especially the fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) with positron emission tomography (PET), are another important emerging trend in the diagnosis of infectious diseases such as S. lugdunensis infection. S. lugdunensis remains highly susceptible to a wide gamut of antibacterial therapies, which is uncharacteristic of other CNS. Infections can usually be treated by antibiotics traditionally used for CNS such as oxacillin. The breakpoints for S. lugdunensis are higher than those of other CNS and similar to S. aureus breakpoints. In the case of aggressive IE or bone/joint infection by S. lugdunensis, it is recommended to treat with a β-lactam agent. Further study is needed to understand the diversity, virulence, and population structure of this species, as well as its role in other infections, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory infections, peritonitis, and bacteremia.  Cureus 2020-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7325404/ /pubmed/32617242 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8801 Text en Copyright © 2020, Parthasarathy et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Internal Medicine
Parthasarathy, Shridhar
Shah, Shrey
Raja Sager, Avinaash
Rangan, Anvitha
Durugu, Satya
Staphylococcus lugdunensis: Review of Epidemiology, Complications, and Treatment
title Staphylococcus lugdunensis: Review of Epidemiology, Complications, and Treatment
title_full Staphylococcus lugdunensis: Review of Epidemiology, Complications, and Treatment
title_fullStr Staphylococcus lugdunensis: Review of Epidemiology, Complications, and Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Staphylococcus lugdunensis: Review of Epidemiology, Complications, and Treatment
title_short Staphylococcus lugdunensis: Review of Epidemiology, Complications, and Treatment
title_sort staphylococcus lugdunensis: review of epidemiology, complications, and treatment
topic Internal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7325404/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32617242
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8801
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