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MicroRNAs: The New Challenge for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnosis
The acronym TBI refers to traumatic brain injury, an alteration of brain function, or an evidence of brain pathology, that is caused by an external force. TBI is estimated to become the third leading cause of permanent disability and mortality worldwide. TBI-related injuries can be classified in man...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Bentham Science Publishers
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7327940/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31729300 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X17666191113100808 |
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author | Pinchi, Enrica Luigi, Cipolloni Paola, Santoro Gianpietro, Volonnino Raoul, Tomassi Mauro, Arcangeli Paola, Frati |
author_facet | Pinchi, Enrica Luigi, Cipolloni Paola, Santoro Gianpietro, Volonnino Raoul, Tomassi Mauro, Arcangeli Paola, Frati |
author_sort | Pinchi, Enrica |
collection | PubMed |
description | The acronym TBI refers to traumatic brain injury, an alteration of brain function, or an evidence of brain pathology, that is caused by an external force. TBI is estimated to become the third leading cause of permanent disability and mortality worldwide. TBI-related injuries can be classified in many ways, according to the degree of severity or the pathophysiology of brain injury (primary and secondary damage). Numerous cellular pathways act in secondary brain damage: excitotoxicity (mediated by excitatory neurotransmitters), free radical generation (due to mitochondrial impairment), neuroinflammatory response (due to central nervous system and immunoactivation) and apoptosis. In this scenario, microRNAs are implicated in the regulation of almost all genes at the post-transcriptional level. Several microRNAs have been demonstrated to be specifically expressed in particular cerebral areas; moreover, physiological changes in microRNA expression during normal cerebral development upon the establishment of neural networks have been characterized. More importantly, microRNAs show profound alteration in expression in response to brain pathological states, both traumatic or not. This review summarizes the most important molecular networks involved in TBI and examines the most recent and important findings on TBI-related microRNAs, both in animal and clinical studies. The importance of microRNA research holds promise to find biomarkers able to unearth primary and secondary molecular patterns altered upon TBI, to ultimately identify key points of regulation, as a valuable support in forensic pathology and potential therapeutic targets for clinical treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7327940 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Bentham Science Publishers |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73279402020-10-01 MicroRNAs: The New Challenge for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnosis Pinchi, Enrica Luigi, Cipolloni Paola, Santoro Gianpietro, Volonnino Raoul, Tomassi Mauro, Arcangeli Paola, Frati Curr Neuropharmacol Article The acronym TBI refers to traumatic brain injury, an alteration of brain function, or an evidence of brain pathology, that is caused by an external force. TBI is estimated to become the third leading cause of permanent disability and mortality worldwide. TBI-related injuries can be classified in many ways, according to the degree of severity or the pathophysiology of brain injury (primary and secondary damage). Numerous cellular pathways act in secondary brain damage: excitotoxicity (mediated by excitatory neurotransmitters), free radical generation (due to mitochondrial impairment), neuroinflammatory response (due to central nervous system and immunoactivation) and apoptosis. In this scenario, microRNAs are implicated in the regulation of almost all genes at the post-transcriptional level. Several microRNAs have been demonstrated to be specifically expressed in particular cerebral areas; moreover, physiological changes in microRNA expression during normal cerebral development upon the establishment of neural networks have been characterized. More importantly, microRNAs show profound alteration in expression in response to brain pathological states, both traumatic or not. This review summarizes the most important molecular networks involved in TBI and examines the most recent and important findings on TBI-related microRNAs, both in animal and clinical studies. The importance of microRNA research holds promise to find biomarkers able to unearth primary and secondary molecular patterns altered upon TBI, to ultimately identify key points of regulation, as a valuable support in forensic pathology and potential therapeutic targets for clinical treatment. Bentham Science Publishers 2020-04 2020-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7327940/ /pubmed/31729300 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X17666191113100808 Text en © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Article Pinchi, Enrica Luigi, Cipolloni Paola, Santoro Gianpietro, Volonnino Raoul, Tomassi Mauro, Arcangeli Paola, Frati MicroRNAs: The New Challenge for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnosis |
title | MicroRNAs: The New Challenge for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnosis |
title_full | MicroRNAs: The New Challenge for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnosis |
title_fullStr | MicroRNAs: The New Challenge for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnosis |
title_full_unstemmed | MicroRNAs: The New Challenge for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnosis |
title_short | MicroRNAs: The New Challenge for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnosis |
title_sort | micrornas: the new challenge for traumatic brain injury diagnosis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7327940/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31729300 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X17666191113100808 |
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