A case of neurosarcoidosis presenting with multiple cranial neuropathies

PURPOSE: We report a case of neurosarcoidosis that presented simultaneously with oculomotor nerve palsy, contralateral abducens nerve palsy, and paresthesia of both lower limbs. OBSERVATIONS: A 69-year-old Japanese woman who suffered from repeated diplopia and lower-limb paresthesia was referred to our hospital. Ophthalmic findings included oculomotor nerve and contralateral abducens nerve palsies. No remarkable abnormalities were detected via enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), chest X-ray, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed to exclude neoplastic lesions; this revealed right hilar lymphadenopathy, and positron emission tomography MRI showed strong 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the hilar lymph node. Biopsy of the lymph node showed non-caseating epithelioid granulomatous tissue, leading to a diagnosis of probable neurosarcoidosis. After the initiation of oral prednisolone treatment, the patient experienced complete remission without any recurrence. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: When examining a patient presenting with multiple cranial neuropathies of unknown cause, neurosarcoidosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis and chest CT should be performed even when the chest X-ray and angiotensin-converting enzyme appears normal.