Case report-immune recovery posterior scleritis in a HIV positive patient

BACKGROUND: Posterior scleritis is an uncommon vision-threatening disorder that is often recurrent and difficult to cure due to its complex etiology. In HIV patients, posterior scleritis may develop several months after significant rise in CD4+ T-lymphocyte, even after several years, which may be diagnosed as late-onset immune recovery scleritis. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we report a case of posterior scleritis in a HIV positive patient who presented with severe periocular pain and decreased vision in the left eye, with exudative retinal detachment and optic nerve involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Early differential diagnosis of immune recovery posterior scleritis and intensive corticosteroids treatment, can prevent vision loss effectively in HIV patients.