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Late Effects of (1)H + (16)O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis

The space extending beyond Earth’s magnetosphere is subject to a complex field of high-energy charged nuclei, which are capable of traversing spacecraft shielding and human tissues, inducing dense ionization events. The central nervous system is a major area of concern for astronauts who will be exp...

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Autores principales: Kiffer, Frederico, Alexander, Tyler, Anderson, Julie, Groves, Thomas, McElroy, Taylor, Wang, Jing, Sridharan, Vijayalakshmi, Bauer, Michael, Boerma, Marjan, Allen, Antiño
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7332779/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32670032
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096
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author Kiffer, Frederico
Alexander, Tyler
Anderson, Julie
Groves, Thomas
McElroy, Taylor
Wang, Jing
Sridharan, Vijayalakshmi
Bauer, Michael
Boerma, Marjan
Allen, Antiño
author_facet Kiffer, Frederico
Alexander, Tyler
Anderson, Julie
Groves, Thomas
McElroy, Taylor
Wang, Jing
Sridharan, Vijayalakshmi
Bauer, Michael
Boerma, Marjan
Allen, Antiño
author_sort Kiffer, Frederico
collection PubMed
description The space extending beyond Earth’s magnetosphere is subject to a complex field of high-energy charged nuclei, which are capable of traversing spacecraft shielding and human tissues, inducing dense ionization events. The central nervous system is a major area of concern for astronauts who will be exposed to the deep-space radiation environment on a mission to Mars, as charged-particle radiation has been shown to elicit changes to the dendritic arbor within the hippocampus of rodents, and related cognitive-behavioral deficits. We exposed 6-month-old male mice to whole-body (1)H (0.5 Gy; 150 MeV/n; 18–19 cGy/minute) and an hour later to (16)O (0.1Gy; 600 MeV/n; 18–33 Gy/min) at NASA’s Space Radiation Laboratory as a galactic cosmic ray-relevant model. Animals were housed with bedding which provides cognitive enrichment. Mice were tested for cognitive behavior 9 months after exposure to elucidate late radiation effects. Radiation induced significant deficits in novel object recognition and short-term spatial memory (Y-maze). Additionally, we observed opposing morphological differences between the mature granular and pyramidal neurons throughout the hippocampus, with increased dendritic length in the dorsal dentate gyrus and reduced length and complexity in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. Dendritic spine analyses revealed a severe reduction in mushroom spine density throughout the hippocampus of irradiated animals. Finally, we detected no general effect of radiation on single-nucleotide polymorphisms in immediate early genes, and genes involved in inflammation but found a higher variant allele frequency in the antioxidants thioredoxin reductase 2 and 3 loci.
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spelling pubmed-73327792020-07-14 Late Effects of (1)H + (16)O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis Kiffer, Frederico Alexander, Tyler Anderson, Julie Groves, Thomas McElroy, Taylor Wang, Jing Sridharan, Vijayalakshmi Bauer, Michael Boerma, Marjan Allen, Antiño Front Behav Neurosci Neuroscience The space extending beyond Earth’s magnetosphere is subject to a complex field of high-energy charged nuclei, which are capable of traversing spacecraft shielding and human tissues, inducing dense ionization events. The central nervous system is a major area of concern for astronauts who will be exposed to the deep-space radiation environment on a mission to Mars, as charged-particle radiation has been shown to elicit changes to the dendritic arbor within the hippocampus of rodents, and related cognitive-behavioral deficits. We exposed 6-month-old male mice to whole-body (1)H (0.5 Gy; 150 MeV/n; 18–19 cGy/minute) and an hour later to (16)O (0.1Gy; 600 MeV/n; 18–33 Gy/min) at NASA’s Space Radiation Laboratory as a galactic cosmic ray-relevant model. Animals were housed with bedding which provides cognitive enrichment. Mice were tested for cognitive behavior 9 months after exposure to elucidate late radiation effects. Radiation induced significant deficits in novel object recognition and short-term spatial memory (Y-maze). Additionally, we observed opposing morphological differences between the mature granular and pyramidal neurons throughout the hippocampus, with increased dendritic length in the dorsal dentate gyrus and reduced length and complexity in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. Dendritic spine analyses revealed a severe reduction in mushroom spine density throughout the hippocampus of irradiated animals. Finally, we detected no general effect of radiation on single-nucleotide polymorphisms in immediate early genes, and genes involved in inflammation but found a higher variant allele frequency in the antioxidants thioredoxin reductase 2 and 3 loci. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7332779/ /pubmed/32670032 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096 Text en Copyright © 2020 Kiffer, Alexander, Anderson, Groves, McElroy, Wang, Sridharan, Bauer, Boerma and Allen. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Kiffer, Frederico
Alexander, Tyler
Anderson, Julie
Groves, Thomas
McElroy, Taylor
Wang, Jing
Sridharan, Vijayalakshmi
Bauer, Michael
Boerma, Marjan
Allen, Antiño
Late Effects of (1)H + (16)O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis
title Late Effects of (1)H + (16)O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis
title_full Late Effects of (1)H + (16)O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis
title_fullStr Late Effects of (1)H + (16)O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis
title_full_unstemmed Late Effects of (1)H + (16)O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis
title_short Late Effects of (1)H + (16)O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis
title_sort late effects of (1)h + (16)o on short-term and object memory, hippocampal dendritic morphology and mutagenesis
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7332779/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32670032
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096
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