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Molecular mechanisms of human herpes viruses inferring with host immune surveillance

Several human herpes viruses (HHVs) exert oncogenic potential leading to malignant transformation of infected cells and/or tissues. The molecular processes induced by viral-encoded molecules including microRNAs, peptides, and proteins contributing to immune evasion of the infected host cells are equ...

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Autores principales: Jasinski-Bergner, Simon, Mandelboim, Ofer, Seliger, Barbara
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7333871/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32616556
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-000841
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author Jasinski-Bergner, Simon
Mandelboim, Ofer
Seliger, Barbara
author_facet Jasinski-Bergner, Simon
Mandelboim, Ofer
Seliger, Barbara
author_sort Jasinski-Bergner, Simon
collection PubMed
description Several human herpes viruses (HHVs) exert oncogenic potential leading to malignant transformation of infected cells and/or tissues. The molecular processes induced by viral-encoded molecules including microRNAs, peptides, and proteins contributing to immune evasion of the infected host cells are equal to the molecular processes of immune evasion mediated by tumor cells independently of viral infections. Such major immune evasion strategies include (1) the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines as well as the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, (2) the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia directly as well as indirectly by downregulation of the components involved in the antigen processing, and (3) the downregulation of stress-induced ligands for activating receptors on immune effector cells with NKG2D leading the way. Furthermore, (4) immune modulatory molecules like MHC class Ib molecules and programmed cell death1 ligand 1 can be upregulated on infections with certain herpes viruses. This review article focuses on the known molecular mechanisms of HHVs modulating the above-mentioned possibilities for immune surveillance and even postulates a temporal order linking regular tumor immunology with basic virology and offering putatively novel insights for targeting HHVs.
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spelling pubmed-73338712020-07-07 Molecular mechanisms of human herpes viruses inferring with host immune surveillance Jasinski-Bergner, Simon Mandelboim, Ofer Seliger, Barbara J Immunother Cancer Review Several human herpes viruses (HHVs) exert oncogenic potential leading to malignant transformation of infected cells and/or tissues. The molecular processes induced by viral-encoded molecules including microRNAs, peptides, and proteins contributing to immune evasion of the infected host cells are equal to the molecular processes of immune evasion mediated by tumor cells independently of viral infections. Such major immune evasion strategies include (1) the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines as well as the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, (2) the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia directly as well as indirectly by downregulation of the components involved in the antigen processing, and (3) the downregulation of stress-induced ligands for activating receptors on immune effector cells with NKG2D leading the way. Furthermore, (4) immune modulatory molecules like MHC class Ib molecules and programmed cell death1 ligand 1 can be upregulated on infections with certain herpes viruses. This review article focuses on the known molecular mechanisms of HHVs modulating the above-mentioned possibilities for immune surveillance and even postulates a temporal order linking regular tumor immunology with basic virology and offering putatively novel insights for targeting HHVs. BMJ Publishing Group 2020-07-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7333871/ /pubmed/32616556 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-000841 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
spellingShingle Review
Jasinski-Bergner, Simon
Mandelboim, Ofer
Seliger, Barbara
Molecular mechanisms of human herpes viruses inferring with host immune surveillance
title Molecular mechanisms of human herpes viruses inferring with host immune surveillance
title_full Molecular mechanisms of human herpes viruses inferring with host immune surveillance
title_fullStr Molecular mechanisms of human herpes viruses inferring with host immune surveillance
title_full_unstemmed Molecular mechanisms of human herpes viruses inferring with host immune surveillance
title_short Molecular mechanisms of human herpes viruses inferring with host immune surveillance
title_sort molecular mechanisms of human herpes viruses inferring with host immune surveillance
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7333871/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32616556
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-000841
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