Response to Ipilimumab/Nivolumab Rechallenge and BRAF Inhibitor/MEK Inhibitor Rechallenge in a Patient with Advanced Metastatic Melanoma Previously Treated with BRAF Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy

Little is known about the optimal sequencing of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in the treatment of patients with BRAF(V600)-mutated metastatic melanoma. BRAF/MEK inhibition often has the benefit of rapid disease regression; however, resistance is frequently seen with long-term use. Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors offers the potential for long-term response but displays a lower rate of objective response. The benefit of synergy between therapies is apparent; however, there is limited data regarding optimal sequencing in the treatment of advanced melanoma. We present the case of a 62-year-old gentleman with advanced BRAF(V600)-mutated melanoma who followed an unconventional treatment path. After progressing on single-agent vemurafenib, he had response to multiple modalities of immunotherapy before progression. After, he had a substantial response to multiple BRAF/MEK inhibitor rechallenges before developing resistance. The patient is now stable after a retrial of combination immunotherapy. Our case illustrates that with the right sequencing of therapy, meaningful clinical responses can be elicited with rechallenging of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma.