A comparison of mortality-related risk factors of COVID-19, SARS, and MERS: A systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic. This systematic review compares mortality risk factors including clinical, demographic and laboratory features of COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The aim is to provide new strategies for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. METHODS: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis, using five databases to compare the predictors of death for COVID-19, SARS and MERS. A random-effects model meta-analysis calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: 845 articles up through 11/4/2020 were retrieved, but only 28 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that males had a higher likelihood of death than females (OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.56–2.13). Age (OR = 7.86, 95% CI 5.46–11.29), diabetes comorbidity (OR = 3.73, 95% CI 2.35–5.90), chronic lung disease (OR = 3.43, 95% CI 1.80–6.52) and hypertension (OR = 3.38, 95% CI 2.45–4.67) were the mortality risk factors. The laboratory indicators lactic dehydrogenase (OR = 37.52, 95% CI 24.68–57.03), C-reactive protein (OR = 12.11, 95% CI 5.24–27.98), and neutrophils (OR = 17.56, 95% CI 10.67–28.90) had stronger correlations with COVID-19 mortality than with SARS or MERS mortality. Consolidation and ground-glass opacity imaging features were similar among COVID-19, SARS, and MERS patients. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19′s mortality factors are similar to those of SARS and MERS. Age and laboratory indicators could be effective predictors of COVID-19 mortality outcomes.