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An Overview of Rickets in Children

Rickets is a common bone disease worldwide that is associated with disturbances in calcium and phosphate homeostasis and can lead to short stature and joint deformities. Rickets can be diagnosed based on history and physical examination, radiological features, and biochemical tests. It can be classi...

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Autores principales: Chanchlani, Rahul, Nemer, Paul, Sinha, Rajiv, Nemer, Lena, Krishnappa, Vinod, Sochett, Etienne, Safadi, Fayez, Raina, Rupesh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7335963/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32647755
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2020.03.025
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author Chanchlani, Rahul
Nemer, Paul
Sinha, Rajiv
Nemer, Lena
Krishnappa, Vinod
Sochett, Etienne
Safadi, Fayez
Raina, Rupesh
author_facet Chanchlani, Rahul
Nemer, Paul
Sinha, Rajiv
Nemer, Lena
Krishnappa, Vinod
Sochett, Etienne
Safadi, Fayez
Raina, Rupesh
author_sort Chanchlani, Rahul
collection PubMed
description Rickets is a common bone disease worldwide that is associated with disturbances in calcium and phosphate homeostasis and can lead to short stature and joint deformities. Rickets can be diagnosed based on history and physical examination, radiological features, and biochemical tests. It can be classified into 2 major groups based on phosphate or calcium levels: phosphopenic and calcipenic. Knowledge of categorization of the type of rickets is essential for prompt diagnosis and proper management. Nutritional rickets is a preventable disease through adequate intake of vitamin D through both dietary and sunlight exposure. There are other subtypes of rickets, such as vitamin D–dependent type 1 rickets and vitamin D–dependent type 2 rickets (due to defects in vitamin D metabolism), renal rickets (due to poor kidney function), and hypophosphatemic rickets (vitamin D–resistant rickets secondary to renal phosphate wasting wherein fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) often plays a major role), which requires closer monitoring and supplementation with activated vitamin D with or without phosphate supplements. An important development has been the introduction of burosumab, a human monoclonal antibody to FGF-23, which is approved for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia among children 1 year and older.
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spelling pubmed-73359632020-07-08 An Overview of Rickets in Children Chanchlani, Rahul Nemer, Paul Sinha, Rajiv Nemer, Lena Krishnappa, Vinod Sochett, Etienne Safadi, Fayez Raina, Rupesh Kidney Int Rep Review Rickets is a common bone disease worldwide that is associated with disturbances in calcium and phosphate homeostasis and can lead to short stature and joint deformities. Rickets can be diagnosed based on history and physical examination, radiological features, and biochemical tests. It can be classified into 2 major groups based on phosphate or calcium levels: phosphopenic and calcipenic. Knowledge of categorization of the type of rickets is essential for prompt diagnosis and proper management. Nutritional rickets is a preventable disease through adequate intake of vitamin D through both dietary and sunlight exposure. There are other subtypes of rickets, such as vitamin D–dependent type 1 rickets and vitamin D–dependent type 2 rickets (due to defects in vitamin D metabolism), renal rickets (due to poor kidney function), and hypophosphatemic rickets (vitamin D–resistant rickets secondary to renal phosphate wasting wherein fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) often plays a major role), which requires closer monitoring and supplementation with activated vitamin D with or without phosphate supplements. An important development has been the introduction of burosumab, a human monoclonal antibody to FGF-23, which is approved for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia among children 1 year and older. Elsevier 2020-04-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7335963/ /pubmed/32647755 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2020.03.025 Text en © 2020 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Chanchlani, Rahul
Nemer, Paul
Sinha, Rajiv
Nemer, Lena
Krishnappa, Vinod
Sochett, Etienne
Safadi, Fayez
Raina, Rupesh
An Overview of Rickets in Children
title An Overview of Rickets in Children
title_full An Overview of Rickets in Children
title_fullStr An Overview of Rickets in Children
title_full_unstemmed An Overview of Rickets in Children
title_short An Overview of Rickets in Children
title_sort overview of rickets in children
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7335963/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32647755
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2020.03.025
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