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Deciphering short stature in children

Short stature is a common reason for referral to pediatric endocrinologists. Multiple factors, including genetic, prenatal, postnatal, and local environmental factors, can impair growth. The majority of children with short stature, which can be defined as a height less than 2 standard deviation scor...

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Autores principales: Polidori, Nella, Castorani, Valeria, Mohn, Angelika, Chiarelli, Francesco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7336267/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32615685
http://dx.doi.org/10.6065/apem.2040064.032
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author Polidori, Nella
Castorani, Valeria
Mohn, Angelika
Chiarelli, Francesco
author_facet Polidori, Nella
Castorani, Valeria
Mohn, Angelika
Chiarelli, Francesco
author_sort Polidori, Nella
collection PubMed
description Short stature is a common reason for referral to pediatric endocrinologists. Multiple factors, including genetic, prenatal, postnatal, and local environmental factors, can impair growth. The majority of children with short stature, which can be defined as a height less than 2 standard deviation score below the mean, are healthy. However, in some cases, they may have an underlying relevant disease; thus, the aim of clinical evaluation is to identify the subset of children with pathologic conditions, for example growth hormone deficiency or other hormonal abnormalities, Turner syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, or celiac disease. Prompt identification and management of these children can prevent excessive short stature in adulthood. In addition, a thorough clinical assessment may allow evaluation of the severity of short stature and likely growth trajectory to identify the most effective interventions. Consequently, appropriate diagnosis of short stature should be performed as early as possible and personalized treatment should be started in a timely manner. An increase in knowledge and widespread availability of genetic and epigenetic testing in clinical practice in recent years has empowered the diagnostic process and appropriate treatment for short stature. Furthermore, novel treatment approaches that can be used both as diagnostic tools and as therapeutic agents have been developed. This article reviews the diagnostic approach to children with short stature, discusses the main causes of short stature in children, and reports current therapeutic approaches and possible future treatments.
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spelling pubmed-73362672020-07-16 Deciphering short stature in children Polidori, Nella Castorani, Valeria Mohn, Angelika Chiarelli, Francesco Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab Review Article Short stature is a common reason for referral to pediatric endocrinologists. Multiple factors, including genetic, prenatal, postnatal, and local environmental factors, can impair growth. The majority of children with short stature, which can be defined as a height less than 2 standard deviation score below the mean, are healthy. However, in some cases, they may have an underlying relevant disease; thus, the aim of clinical evaluation is to identify the subset of children with pathologic conditions, for example growth hormone deficiency or other hormonal abnormalities, Turner syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, or celiac disease. Prompt identification and management of these children can prevent excessive short stature in adulthood. In addition, a thorough clinical assessment may allow evaluation of the severity of short stature and likely growth trajectory to identify the most effective interventions. Consequently, appropriate diagnosis of short stature should be performed as early as possible and personalized treatment should be started in a timely manner. An increase in knowledge and widespread availability of genetic and epigenetic testing in clinical practice in recent years has empowered the diagnostic process and appropriate treatment for short stature. Furthermore, novel treatment approaches that can be used both as diagnostic tools and as therapeutic agents have been developed. This article reviews the diagnostic approach to children with short stature, discusses the main causes of short stature in children, and reports current therapeutic approaches and possible future treatments. Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology 2020-06 2020-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7336267/ /pubmed/32615685 http://dx.doi.org/10.6065/apem.2040064.032 Text en © 2020 Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Polidori, Nella
Castorani, Valeria
Mohn, Angelika
Chiarelli, Francesco
Deciphering short stature in children
title Deciphering short stature in children
title_full Deciphering short stature in children
title_fullStr Deciphering short stature in children
title_full_unstemmed Deciphering short stature in children
title_short Deciphering short stature in children
title_sort deciphering short stature in children
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7336267/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32615685
http://dx.doi.org/10.6065/apem.2040064.032
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