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Phospholipase C From Alternaria alternata Is Induced by Physiochemical Cues on the Pear Fruit Surface That Dictate Infection Structure Differentiation and Pathogenicity
To investigate the mechanisms of phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling in Alternaria alternata, the regulatory roles of PLC were elucidated using neomycin, a specific inhibitor of PLC activity. Three isotypes of PLC designated AaPLC1, AaPLC2, and AaPLC3 were identified in A. alte...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7339947/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32695073 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01279 |
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author | Huang, Yi Li, Yongcai Li, Dongmei Bi, Yang Prusky, Dov B. Dong, Yupeng Wang, Tiaolan Zhang, Miao Zhang, Xuemei Liu, Yongxiang |
author_facet | Huang, Yi Li, Yongcai Li, Dongmei Bi, Yang Prusky, Dov B. Dong, Yupeng Wang, Tiaolan Zhang, Miao Zhang, Xuemei Liu, Yongxiang |
author_sort | Huang, Yi |
collection | PubMed |
description | To investigate the mechanisms of phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling in Alternaria alternata, the regulatory roles of PLC were elucidated using neomycin, a specific inhibitor of PLC activity. Three isotypes of PLC designated AaPLC1, AaPLC2, and AaPLC3 were identified in A. alternata through genome sequencing. qRT-PCR analysis showed that fruit wax extracts significantly upregulated the expression of all three PLC genes in vitro. Pharmacological experiments showed that neomycin treatment led to a dose-dependent reduction in spore germination and appressorium formation in A. alternata. Appressorium formation was stimulated on hydrophobic and pear wax-coated surfaces but was significantly inhibited by neomycin treatment. The appressorium formation rates of neomycin treated A. alternata on hydrophobic and wax-coated surfaces decreased by 86.6 and 47.4%, respectively. After 4 h of treatment, exogenous CaCl(2) could partially reverse the effects of neomycin treatment. Neomycin also affected mycotoxin production in alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), and tentoxin (TEN), with exogenous Ca(2+) partially reversing these effects. These results suggest that PLC is required for the growth, infection structure differentiation, and secondary metabolism of A. alternata in response to physiochemical signals on the pear fruit surface. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7339947 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73399472020-07-20 Phospholipase C From Alternaria alternata Is Induced by Physiochemical Cues on the Pear Fruit Surface That Dictate Infection Structure Differentiation and Pathogenicity Huang, Yi Li, Yongcai Li, Dongmei Bi, Yang Prusky, Dov B. Dong, Yupeng Wang, Tiaolan Zhang, Miao Zhang, Xuemei Liu, Yongxiang Front Microbiol Microbiology To investigate the mechanisms of phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling in Alternaria alternata, the regulatory roles of PLC were elucidated using neomycin, a specific inhibitor of PLC activity. Three isotypes of PLC designated AaPLC1, AaPLC2, and AaPLC3 were identified in A. alternata through genome sequencing. qRT-PCR analysis showed that fruit wax extracts significantly upregulated the expression of all three PLC genes in vitro. Pharmacological experiments showed that neomycin treatment led to a dose-dependent reduction in spore germination and appressorium formation in A. alternata. Appressorium formation was stimulated on hydrophobic and pear wax-coated surfaces but was significantly inhibited by neomycin treatment. The appressorium formation rates of neomycin treated A. alternata on hydrophobic and wax-coated surfaces decreased by 86.6 and 47.4%, respectively. After 4 h of treatment, exogenous CaCl(2) could partially reverse the effects of neomycin treatment. Neomycin also affected mycotoxin production in alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), and tentoxin (TEN), with exogenous Ca(2+) partially reversing these effects. These results suggest that PLC is required for the growth, infection structure differentiation, and secondary metabolism of A. alternata in response to physiochemical signals on the pear fruit surface. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7339947/ /pubmed/32695073 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01279 Text en Copyright © 2020 Huang, Li, Li, Bi, Prusky, Dong, Wang, Zhang, Zhang and Liu. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Huang, Yi Li, Yongcai Li, Dongmei Bi, Yang Prusky, Dov B. Dong, Yupeng Wang, Tiaolan Zhang, Miao Zhang, Xuemei Liu, Yongxiang Phospholipase C From Alternaria alternata Is Induced by Physiochemical Cues on the Pear Fruit Surface That Dictate Infection Structure Differentiation and Pathogenicity |
title | Phospholipase C From Alternaria alternata Is Induced by Physiochemical Cues on the Pear Fruit Surface That Dictate Infection Structure Differentiation and Pathogenicity |
title_full | Phospholipase C From Alternaria alternata Is Induced by Physiochemical Cues on the Pear Fruit Surface That Dictate Infection Structure Differentiation and Pathogenicity |
title_fullStr | Phospholipase C From Alternaria alternata Is Induced by Physiochemical Cues on the Pear Fruit Surface That Dictate Infection Structure Differentiation and Pathogenicity |
title_full_unstemmed | Phospholipase C From Alternaria alternata Is Induced by Physiochemical Cues on the Pear Fruit Surface That Dictate Infection Structure Differentiation and Pathogenicity |
title_short | Phospholipase C From Alternaria alternata Is Induced by Physiochemical Cues on the Pear Fruit Surface That Dictate Infection Structure Differentiation and Pathogenicity |
title_sort | phospholipase c from alternaria alternata is induced by physiochemical cues on the pear fruit surface that dictate infection structure differentiation and pathogenicity |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7339947/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32695073 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01279 |
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