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Development and Validation of a Self-Determination Theory-Based Measure of Motivation to Exercise and Diet in Children
Objective: To develop and test the factorial structure of a new self-determination theory–based measure of behavioral regulation in children. Methods: Five hundred ninety 590 (F = 51.7%) children aged 7 to 11 years completed the Motivation to Exercise and Diet (MED-C) questionnaire, which comprises...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7340182/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32714231 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01299 |
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author | Pietrabissa, Giada Rossi, Alessandro Borrello, Maria Manzoni, Gian Mauro Mannarini, Stefania Castelnuovo, Gianluca Molinari, Enrico |
author_facet | Pietrabissa, Giada Rossi, Alessandro Borrello, Maria Manzoni, Gian Mauro Mannarini, Stefania Castelnuovo, Gianluca Molinari, Enrico |
author_sort | Pietrabissa, Giada |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objective: To develop and test the factorial structure of a new self-determination theory–based measure of behavioral regulation in children. Methods: Five hundred ninety 590 (F = 51.7%) children aged 7 to 11 years completed the Motivation to Exercise and Diet (MED-C) questionnaire, which comprises 16 items (eight for exercise and eight for diet) grouped into eight factors (five motivations and three needs). Psychometric testing included confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency. Measurement invariance analyses were also performed to evaluate whether the factorial structure of the MED-C was equivalent for gender (male vs. female), age (≤9 vs. ≥10 years), and the perception of having at least one parent with overweight or obesity (yes vs. no). Results: Factorial analysis confirmed an acceptable factors solution for the MED-C and a good fit to the data for both the exercise and the diet subscales assessed independently. The maximal reliability coefficient revealed good reliability for the exercise and the diet subscales. Moreover, the MED-C factor structure was invariant across group comparisons. Discussion: Findings support the construct validity and reliability of the MED-C. Therefore, it represents the first validated instrument simultaneously measuring motivational regulation and psychological need satisfaction in the context of children’s exercise and diet. Considering the goodness of these results, scale percentile ranks of the total score distribution as well as the z score and the T score were provided for clinical and research purposes. Conclusion: The MED-C might support the understanding of motivations and needs of children with weight problems and assist their process of behavioral change in primary and secondary prevention programs. Psychological factors represent, in fact, potential targets for interventions to increase children’s motivation to exercise and diet. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7340182 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73401822020-07-23 Development and Validation of a Self-Determination Theory-Based Measure of Motivation to Exercise and Diet in Children Pietrabissa, Giada Rossi, Alessandro Borrello, Maria Manzoni, Gian Mauro Mannarini, Stefania Castelnuovo, Gianluca Molinari, Enrico Front Psychol Psychology Objective: To develop and test the factorial structure of a new self-determination theory–based measure of behavioral regulation in children. Methods: Five hundred ninety 590 (F = 51.7%) children aged 7 to 11 years completed the Motivation to Exercise and Diet (MED-C) questionnaire, which comprises 16 items (eight for exercise and eight for diet) grouped into eight factors (five motivations and three needs). Psychometric testing included confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency. Measurement invariance analyses were also performed to evaluate whether the factorial structure of the MED-C was equivalent for gender (male vs. female), age (≤9 vs. ≥10 years), and the perception of having at least one parent with overweight or obesity (yes vs. no). Results: Factorial analysis confirmed an acceptable factors solution for the MED-C and a good fit to the data for both the exercise and the diet subscales assessed independently. The maximal reliability coefficient revealed good reliability for the exercise and the diet subscales. Moreover, the MED-C factor structure was invariant across group comparisons. Discussion: Findings support the construct validity and reliability of the MED-C. Therefore, it represents the first validated instrument simultaneously measuring motivational regulation and psychological need satisfaction in the context of children’s exercise and diet. Considering the goodness of these results, scale percentile ranks of the total score distribution as well as the z score and the T score were provided for clinical and research purposes. Conclusion: The MED-C might support the understanding of motivations and needs of children with weight problems and assist their process of behavioral change in primary and secondary prevention programs. Psychological factors represent, in fact, potential targets for interventions to increase children’s motivation to exercise and diet. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7340182/ /pubmed/32714231 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01299 Text en Copyright © 2020 Pietrabissa, Rossi, Borrello, Manzoni, Mannarini, Castelnuovo and Molinari. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Pietrabissa, Giada Rossi, Alessandro Borrello, Maria Manzoni, Gian Mauro Mannarini, Stefania Castelnuovo, Gianluca Molinari, Enrico Development and Validation of a Self-Determination Theory-Based Measure of Motivation to Exercise and Diet in Children |
title | Development and Validation of a Self-Determination Theory-Based Measure of Motivation to Exercise and Diet in Children |
title_full | Development and Validation of a Self-Determination Theory-Based Measure of Motivation to Exercise and Diet in Children |
title_fullStr | Development and Validation of a Self-Determination Theory-Based Measure of Motivation to Exercise and Diet in Children |
title_full_unstemmed | Development and Validation of a Self-Determination Theory-Based Measure of Motivation to Exercise and Diet in Children |
title_short | Development and Validation of a Self-Determination Theory-Based Measure of Motivation to Exercise and Diet in Children |
title_sort | development and validation of a self-determination theory-based measure of motivation to exercise and diet in children |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7340182/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32714231 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01299 |
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