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Looking ahead: When do you find the next item in foraging visual search?
Many real-world visual tasks involve searching for multiple instances of a target (e.g., picking ripe berries). What strategies do observers use when collecting items in this type of search? Do they wait to finish collecting the current item before starting to look for the next target, or do they se...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7343403/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32040162 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.20.2.3 |
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author | Kosovicheva, Anna Alaoui-Soce, Abla Wolfe, Jeremy M. |
author_facet | Kosovicheva, Anna Alaoui-Soce, Abla Wolfe, Jeremy M. |
author_sort | Kosovicheva, Anna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Many real-world visual tasks involve searching for multiple instances of a target (e.g., picking ripe berries). What strategies do observers use when collecting items in this type of search? Do they wait to finish collecting the current item before starting to look for the next target, or do they search ahead for future targets? We utilized behavioral and eye-tracking measures to distinguish between these two possibilities in foraging search. Experiment 1 used a color wheel technique in which observers searched for T shapes among L shapes while all items independently cycled through a set of colors. Trials were abruptly terminated, and observers reported both the color and location of the next target that they intended to click. Using observers’ color reports to infer target-finding times, we demonstrate that observers found the next item before the time of the click on the current target. We validated these results in Experiment 2 by recording fixation locations around the time of each click. Experiment 3 utilized a different procedure, in which all items were intermittently occluded during the trial. We then calculated a distribution of when targets were visible around the time of each click, allowing us to infer when they were most likely found. In a fourth and final experiment, observers indicated the locations of multiple future targets after the search was abruptly terminated. Together, our results provide converging evidence to demonstrate that observers can find the next target before collecting the current target and can typically forage one to two items ahead. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7343403 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73434032020-07-21 Looking ahead: When do you find the next item in foraging visual search? Kosovicheva, Anna Alaoui-Soce, Abla Wolfe, Jeremy M. J Vis Article Many real-world visual tasks involve searching for multiple instances of a target (e.g., picking ripe berries). What strategies do observers use when collecting items in this type of search? Do they wait to finish collecting the current item before starting to look for the next target, or do they search ahead for future targets? We utilized behavioral and eye-tracking measures to distinguish between these two possibilities in foraging search. Experiment 1 used a color wheel technique in which observers searched for T shapes among L shapes while all items independently cycled through a set of colors. Trials were abruptly terminated, and observers reported both the color and location of the next target that they intended to click. Using observers’ color reports to infer target-finding times, we demonstrate that observers found the next item before the time of the click on the current target. We validated these results in Experiment 2 by recording fixation locations around the time of each click. Experiment 3 utilized a different procedure, in which all items were intermittently occluded during the trial. We then calculated a distribution of when targets were visible around the time of each click, allowing us to infer when they were most likely found. In a fourth and final experiment, observers indicated the locations of multiple future targets after the search was abruptly terminated. Together, our results provide converging evidence to demonstrate that observers can find the next target before collecting the current target and can typically forage one to two items ahead. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2020-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7343403/ /pubmed/32040162 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.20.2.3 Text en Copyright 2020 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. |
spellingShingle | Article Kosovicheva, Anna Alaoui-Soce, Abla Wolfe, Jeremy M. Looking ahead: When do you find the next item in foraging visual search? |
title | Looking ahead: When do you find the next item in foraging visual search? |
title_full | Looking ahead: When do you find the next item in foraging visual search? |
title_fullStr | Looking ahead: When do you find the next item in foraging visual search? |
title_full_unstemmed | Looking ahead: When do you find the next item in foraging visual search? |
title_short | Looking ahead: When do you find the next item in foraging visual search? |
title_sort | looking ahead: when do you find the next item in foraging visual search? |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7343403/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32040162 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.20.2.3 |
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