Renal mycetomas in a 10-month-old female infant without immunodeficiency

Candida albicans is the most prevalent and pathogenic fungal infection of the urinary tract. Although fungal urinary tract infections occur less frequently than bacterial infections, their incidence has increased during the last decades. Prematurity, parenteral nutrition, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive factors, surgical procedures, and prolonged antibiotic therapy are common predisposing factors. We report a case of candidal renal mycetomas in a 10-month-old female infant without immunodeficiency who developed candidal infection after surgical treatment for bilateral vesico-ureteric reflux. The renal candidiasis was treated successfully with fluconazole and echinocandin. The occurrence of mycetomas or fungus balls in patients who are immunocompetent is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case report of mycetomas occurring in immunocompetent pediatric patients.