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The Predictive Factors for Severe Leptospirosis Cases in Kedah

Over the past decade, increased awareness about leptospirosis disease in developing and industrialized countries has resulted in increased numbers of leptospirosis cases being reported worldwide. About 5% to 15% of leptospirosis patients end up with severe forms of the disease. Complication due to l...

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Autores principales: Sandhu, Rakesh Singh, Ismail, Halim Bin, Ja’afar, Mohd Hasni Bin, Rampal, Sanjay
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7344897/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32422911
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5020079
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author Sandhu, Rakesh Singh
Ismail, Halim Bin
Ja’afar, Mohd Hasni Bin
Rampal, Sanjay
author_facet Sandhu, Rakesh Singh
Ismail, Halim Bin
Ja’afar, Mohd Hasni Bin
Rampal, Sanjay
author_sort Sandhu, Rakesh Singh
collection PubMed
description Over the past decade, increased awareness about leptospirosis disease in developing and industrialized countries has resulted in increased numbers of leptospirosis cases being reported worldwide. About 5% to 15% of leptospirosis patients end up with severe forms of the disease. Complication due to leptospirosis requires monitoring, specific treatments, and intensive care admission, thus increasing the cost of treating severe leptospirosis cases. Currently, we have data on incident and mortality rates, but we do not have data on the number of patients with severe form of leptospirosis or how many patients have complications, and whether or not these complications were resolved. Therefore, we carried out this study to determine the predictive factors for severe leptospirosis cases in Kedah. We conducted a cross-sectional study. The data of patients diagnosed with leptospirosis were obtained from the surveillance unit, Kedah Health Department, through the e-notification system. These data were then sorted according to the hospitals where the patients were admitted. The patients’ medical records were collected, and their information was obtained using a checklist. A total of 456 confirmed leptospirosis cases were included in the study, with 199 patients classified as severe cases and 257 patients as mild cases, based on the Malaysian leptospirosis guidelines. Most patients were male (71.5%) with a mean SD age of 36.62 ± 20.75 years. The predictive factors for severe leptospirosis include abnormal lung sounds (OR: 3.07 [CI 1.58–6.00]), hepatomegaly (OR: 7.14 [1.10–45.98]), hypotension (OR: 2.16 [1.08–4.34]), leukocytosis (OR: 2.12 [1.37–3.29]), low hematocrit (OR: 2.33 [1.43–3.81]), and increased alanine aminotransferase (SGPT ALT) (OR: 2.12 [1.36–3.30]). In conclusion, knowing these predictive factors will help clinicians identify severe leptospirosis cases earlier and develop their treatment plans accordingly, to reduce the complications and death from severe leptospirosis.
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spelling pubmed-73448972020-07-09 The Predictive Factors for Severe Leptospirosis Cases in Kedah Sandhu, Rakesh Singh Ismail, Halim Bin Ja’afar, Mohd Hasni Bin Rampal, Sanjay Trop Med Infect Dis Article Over the past decade, increased awareness about leptospirosis disease in developing and industrialized countries has resulted in increased numbers of leptospirosis cases being reported worldwide. About 5% to 15% of leptospirosis patients end up with severe forms of the disease. Complication due to leptospirosis requires monitoring, specific treatments, and intensive care admission, thus increasing the cost of treating severe leptospirosis cases. Currently, we have data on incident and mortality rates, but we do not have data on the number of patients with severe form of leptospirosis or how many patients have complications, and whether or not these complications were resolved. Therefore, we carried out this study to determine the predictive factors for severe leptospirosis cases in Kedah. We conducted a cross-sectional study. The data of patients diagnosed with leptospirosis were obtained from the surveillance unit, Kedah Health Department, through the e-notification system. These data were then sorted according to the hospitals where the patients were admitted. The patients’ medical records were collected, and their information was obtained using a checklist. A total of 456 confirmed leptospirosis cases were included in the study, with 199 patients classified as severe cases and 257 patients as mild cases, based on the Malaysian leptospirosis guidelines. Most patients were male (71.5%) with a mean SD age of 36.62 ± 20.75 years. The predictive factors for severe leptospirosis include abnormal lung sounds (OR: 3.07 [CI 1.58–6.00]), hepatomegaly (OR: 7.14 [1.10–45.98]), hypotension (OR: 2.16 [1.08–4.34]), leukocytosis (OR: 2.12 [1.37–3.29]), low hematocrit (OR: 2.33 [1.43–3.81]), and increased alanine aminotransferase (SGPT ALT) (OR: 2.12 [1.36–3.30]). In conclusion, knowing these predictive factors will help clinicians identify severe leptospirosis cases earlier and develop their treatment plans accordingly, to reduce the complications and death from severe leptospirosis. MDPI 2020-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7344897/ /pubmed/32422911 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5020079 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sandhu, Rakesh Singh
Ismail, Halim Bin
Ja’afar, Mohd Hasni Bin
Rampal, Sanjay
The Predictive Factors for Severe Leptospirosis Cases in Kedah
title The Predictive Factors for Severe Leptospirosis Cases in Kedah
title_full The Predictive Factors for Severe Leptospirosis Cases in Kedah
title_fullStr The Predictive Factors for Severe Leptospirosis Cases in Kedah
title_full_unstemmed The Predictive Factors for Severe Leptospirosis Cases in Kedah
title_short The Predictive Factors for Severe Leptospirosis Cases in Kedah
title_sort predictive factors for severe leptospirosis cases in kedah
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7344897/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32422911
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5020079
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