Cargando…

Black–White Risk Differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Transmission, Mortality and Case Fatality in the United States: Translational Epidemiologic Perspective and Challenges

Background: Social and health inequities predispose vulnerable populations to adverse morbidity and mortality outcomes of epidemics and pandemics. While racial disparities in cumulative incidence (CmI) and mortality from the influenza pandemics of 1918 and 2009 implicated Blacks with survival disadv...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Holmes, Laurens, Enwere, Michael, Williams, Janille, Ogundele, Benjamin, Chavan, Prachi, Piccoli, Tatiana, Chinaka, Chinacherem, Comeaux, Camillia, Pelaez, Lavisha, Okundaye, Osatohamwen, Stalnaker, Leslie, Kalle, Fanta, Deepika, Keeti, Philipcien, Glen, Poleon, Maura, Ogungbade, Gbadebo, Elmi, Hikma, John, Valescia, Dabney, Kirk W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7345143/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32560363
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124322
_version_ 1783556111730737152
author Holmes, Laurens
Enwere, Michael
Williams, Janille
Ogundele, Benjamin
Chavan, Prachi
Piccoli, Tatiana
Chinaka, Chinacherem
Comeaux, Camillia
Pelaez, Lavisha
Okundaye, Osatohamwen
Stalnaker, Leslie
Kalle, Fanta
Deepika, Keeti
Philipcien, Glen
Poleon, Maura
Ogungbade, Gbadebo
Elmi, Hikma
John, Valescia
Dabney, Kirk W.
author_facet Holmes, Laurens
Enwere, Michael
Williams, Janille
Ogundele, Benjamin
Chavan, Prachi
Piccoli, Tatiana
Chinaka, Chinacherem
Comeaux, Camillia
Pelaez, Lavisha
Okundaye, Osatohamwen
Stalnaker, Leslie
Kalle, Fanta
Deepika, Keeti
Philipcien, Glen
Poleon, Maura
Ogungbade, Gbadebo
Elmi, Hikma
John, Valescia
Dabney, Kirk W.
author_sort Holmes, Laurens
collection PubMed
description Background: Social and health inequities predispose vulnerable populations to adverse morbidity and mortality outcomes of epidemics and pandemics. While racial disparities in cumulative incidence (CmI) and mortality from the influenza pandemics of 1918 and 2009 implicated Blacks with survival disadvantage relative to Whites in the United States, COVID-19 currently indicates comparable disparities. We aimed to: (a) assess COVID-19 CmI by race, (b) determine the Black–White case fatality (CF) and risk differentials, and (c) apply explanatory model for mortality risk differentials. Methods: COVID-19 data on confirmed cases and deaths by selective states health departments were assessed using a cross-sectional ecologic design. Chi-square was used for CF independence, while binomial regression model for the Black–White risk differentials. Results: The COVID-19 mortality CmI indicated Blacks/AA with 34% of the total mortality in the United States, albeit their 13% population size. The COVID-19 CF was higher among Blacks/AA relative to Whites; Maryland, (2.7% vs. 2.5%), Wisconsin (7.4% vs. 4.8%), Illinois (4.8% vs. 4.2%), Chicago (5.9% vs. 3.2%), Detroit (Michigan), 7.2% and St. John the Baptist Parish (Louisiana), 7.9%. Blacks/AA compared to Whites in Michigan were 15% more likely to die, CmI risk ratio (CmIRR) = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.01–1.32. Blacks/AA relative to Whites in Illinois were 13% more likely to die, CmIRR = 1.13, 95% CI, 0.93–1.39, while Blacks/AA compared to Whites in Wisconsin were 51% more likely to die, CmIRR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.10–2.10. In Chicago, Blacks/AA were more than twice as likely to die, CmIRR = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.36–3.88. Conclusion: Substantial racial/ethnic disparities are observed in COVID-19 CF and mortality with Blacks/AA disproportionately affected across the United States.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7345143
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-73451432020-07-09 Black–White Risk Differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Transmission, Mortality and Case Fatality in the United States: Translational Epidemiologic Perspective and Challenges Holmes, Laurens Enwere, Michael Williams, Janille Ogundele, Benjamin Chavan, Prachi Piccoli, Tatiana Chinaka, Chinacherem Comeaux, Camillia Pelaez, Lavisha Okundaye, Osatohamwen Stalnaker, Leslie Kalle, Fanta Deepika, Keeti Philipcien, Glen Poleon, Maura Ogungbade, Gbadebo Elmi, Hikma John, Valescia Dabney, Kirk W. Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: Social and health inequities predispose vulnerable populations to adverse morbidity and mortality outcomes of epidemics and pandemics. While racial disparities in cumulative incidence (CmI) and mortality from the influenza pandemics of 1918 and 2009 implicated Blacks with survival disadvantage relative to Whites in the United States, COVID-19 currently indicates comparable disparities. We aimed to: (a) assess COVID-19 CmI by race, (b) determine the Black–White case fatality (CF) and risk differentials, and (c) apply explanatory model for mortality risk differentials. Methods: COVID-19 data on confirmed cases and deaths by selective states health departments were assessed using a cross-sectional ecologic design. Chi-square was used for CF independence, while binomial regression model for the Black–White risk differentials. Results: The COVID-19 mortality CmI indicated Blacks/AA with 34% of the total mortality in the United States, albeit their 13% population size. The COVID-19 CF was higher among Blacks/AA relative to Whites; Maryland, (2.7% vs. 2.5%), Wisconsin (7.4% vs. 4.8%), Illinois (4.8% vs. 4.2%), Chicago (5.9% vs. 3.2%), Detroit (Michigan), 7.2% and St. John the Baptist Parish (Louisiana), 7.9%. Blacks/AA compared to Whites in Michigan were 15% more likely to die, CmI risk ratio (CmIRR) = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.01–1.32. Blacks/AA relative to Whites in Illinois were 13% more likely to die, CmIRR = 1.13, 95% CI, 0.93–1.39, while Blacks/AA compared to Whites in Wisconsin were 51% more likely to die, CmIRR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.10–2.10. In Chicago, Blacks/AA were more than twice as likely to die, CmIRR = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.36–3.88. Conclusion: Substantial racial/ethnic disparities are observed in COVID-19 CF and mortality with Blacks/AA disproportionately affected across the United States. MDPI 2020-06-17 2020-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7345143/ /pubmed/32560363 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124322 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Holmes, Laurens
Enwere, Michael
Williams, Janille
Ogundele, Benjamin
Chavan, Prachi
Piccoli, Tatiana
Chinaka, Chinacherem
Comeaux, Camillia
Pelaez, Lavisha
Okundaye, Osatohamwen
Stalnaker, Leslie
Kalle, Fanta
Deepika, Keeti
Philipcien, Glen
Poleon, Maura
Ogungbade, Gbadebo
Elmi, Hikma
John, Valescia
Dabney, Kirk W.
Black–White Risk Differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Transmission, Mortality and Case Fatality in the United States: Translational Epidemiologic Perspective and Challenges
title Black–White Risk Differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Transmission, Mortality and Case Fatality in the United States: Translational Epidemiologic Perspective and Challenges
title_full Black–White Risk Differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Transmission, Mortality and Case Fatality in the United States: Translational Epidemiologic Perspective and Challenges
title_fullStr Black–White Risk Differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Transmission, Mortality and Case Fatality in the United States: Translational Epidemiologic Perspective and Challenges
title_full_unstemmed Black–White Risk Differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Transmission, Mortality and Case Fatality in the United States: Translational Epidemiologic Perspective and Challenges
title_short Black–White Risk Differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Transmission, Mortality and Case Fatality in the United States: Translational Epidemiologic Perspective and Challenges
title_sort black–white risk differentials in covid-19 (sars-cov2) transmission, mortality and case fatality in the united states: translational epidemiologic perspective and challenges
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7345143/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32560363
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124322
work_keys_str_mv AT holmeslaurens blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT enweremichael blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT williamsjanille blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT ogundelebenjamin blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT chavanprachi blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT piccolitatiana blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT chinakachinacherem blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT comeauxcamillia blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT pelaezlavisha blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT okundayeosatohamwen blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT stalnakerleslie blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT kallefanta blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT deepikakeeti blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT philipcienglen blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT poleonmaura blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT ogungbadegbadebo blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT elmihikma blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT johnvalescia blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges
AT dabneykirkw blackwhiteriskdifferentialsincovid19sarscov2transmissionmortalityandcasefatalityintheunitedstatestranslationalepidemiologicperspectiveandchallenges