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Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging
In this study, we investigated the formation of stable radicals and compounds related to antioxidants in Camellia japonica seeds using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and X-band electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). The C. japonica seed coat extracts exhibited antioxidant act...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7346170/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32516915 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060493 |
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author | Saenjum, Chalermpong Pattananandecha, Thanawat Nakagawa, Kouichi |
author_facet | Saenjum, Chalermpong Pattananandecha, Thanawat Nakagawa, Kouichi |
author_sort | Saenjum, Chalermpong |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this study, we investigated the formation of stable radicals and compounds related to antioxidants in Camellia japonica seeds using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and X-band electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). The C. japonica seed coat extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in both in vitro and cell-based studies. The extracts inhibited reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species production in cell-based studies. HPLC chromatograms indicated that hydrophilic antioxidant compounds—namely, gallic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, caffeine, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate—were found in the methanolic extract. Lipophilic antioxidant compounds—including α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and δ-tocotrienol—were found in the hexane extract. EPRI primarily detected paramagnetic species in seed coats. These radical species were stable organic radicals based on the peak-to-peak line width and g-values. The signals from these stable radicals were strong and stable with a g-value of 2.002. Noninvasive EPRI of the radicals present in C. japonica seeds indicated that the stable radicals were essentially located in the seed coats. The EPRI of the cotyledon demonstrated that additional radicals were localized at an apex of the cotyledon. The results indicated that the stable radicals detected by EPRI and the hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant compounds analyzed by HPLC were related to antioxidant reactants and products. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7346170 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73461702020-07-14 Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging Saenjum, Chalermpong Pattananandecha, Thanawat Nakagawa, Kouichi Antioxidants (Basel) Article In this study, we investigated the formation of stable radicals and compounds related to antioxidants in Camellia japonica seeds using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and X-band electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). The C. japonica seed coat extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in both in vitro and cell-based studies. The extracts inhibited reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species production in cell-based studies. HPLC chromatograms indicated that hydrophilic antioxidant compounds—namely, gallic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, caffeine, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate—were found in the methanolic extract. Lipophilic antioxidant compounds—including α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and δ-tocotrienol—were found in the hexane extract. EPRI primarily detected paramagnetic species in seed coats. These radical species were stable organic radicals based on the peak-to-peak line width and g-values. The signals from these stable radicals were strong and stable with a g-value of 2.002. Noninvasive EPRI of the radicals present in C. japonica seeds indicated that the stable radicals were essentially located in the seed coats. The EPRI of the cotyledon demonstrated that additional radicals were localized at an apex of the cotyledon. The results indicated that the stable radicals detected by EPRI and the hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant compounds analyzed by HPLC were related to antioxidant reactants and products. MDPI 2020-06-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7346170/ /pubmed/32516915 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060493 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Saenjum, Chalermpong Pattananandecha, Thanawat Nakagawa, Kouichi Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging |
title | Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging |
title_full | Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging |
title_fullStr | Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging |
title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging |
title_short | Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging |
title_sort | detection of antioxidant phytochemicals isolated from camellia japonica seeds using hplc and epr imaging |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7346170/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32516915 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060493 |
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