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Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging

In this study, we investigated the formation of stable radicals and compounds related to antioxidants in Camellia japonica seeds using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and X-band electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). The C. japonica seed coat extracts exhibited antioxidant act...

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Autores principales: Saenjum, Chalermpong, Pattananandecha, Thanawat, Nakagawa, Kouichi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7346170/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32516915
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060493
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author Saenjum, Chalermpong
Pattananandecha, Thanawat
Nakagawa, Kouichi
author_facet Saenjum, Chalermpong
Pattananandecha, Thanawat
Nakagawa, Kouichi
author_sort Saenjum, Chalermpong
collection PubMed
description In this study, we investigated the formation of stable radicals and compounds related to antioxidants in Camellia japonica seeds using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and X-band electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). The C. japonica seed coat extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in both in vitro and cell-based studies. The extracts inhibited reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species production in cell-based studies. HPLC chromatograms indicated that hydrophilic antioxidant compounds—namely, gallic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, caffeine, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate—were found in the methanolic extract. Lipophilic antioxidant compounds—including α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and δ-tocotrienol—were found in the hexane extract. EPRI primarily detected paramagnetic species in seed coats. These radical species were stable organic radicals based on the peak-to-peak line width and g-values. The signals from these stable radicals were strong and stable with a g-value of 2.002. Noninvasive EPRI of the radicals present in C. japonica seeds indicated that the stable radicals were essentially located in the seed coats. The EPRI of the cotyledon demonstrated that additional radicals were localized at an apex of the cotyledon. The results indicated that the stable radicals detected by EPRI and the hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant compounds analyzed by HPLC were related to antioxidant reactants and products.
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spelling pubmed-73461702020-07-14 Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging Saenjum, Chalermpong Pattananandecha, Thanawat Nakagawa, Kouichi Antioxidants (Basel) Article In this study, we investigated the formation of stable radicals and compounds related to antioxidants in Camellia japonica seeds using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and X-band electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). The C. japonica seed coat extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in both in vitro and cell-based studies. The extracts inhibited reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species production in cell-based studies. HPLC chromatograms indicated that hydrophilic antioxidant compounds—namely, gallic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, caffeine, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate—were found in the methanolic extract. Lipophilic antioxidant compounds—including α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and δ-tocotrienol—were found in the hexane extract. EPRI primarily detected paramagnetic species in seed coats. These radical species were stable organic radicals based on the peak-to-peak line width and g-values. The signals from these stable radicals were strong and stable with a g-value of 2.002. Noninvasive EPRI of the radicals present in C. japonica seeds indicated that the stable radicals were essentially located in the seed coats. The EPRI of the cotyledon demonstrated that additional radicals were localized at an apex of the cotyledon. The results indicated that the stable radicals detected by EPRI and the hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant compounds analyzed by HPLC were related to antioxidant reactants and products. MDPI 2020-06-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7346170/ /pubmed/32516915 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060493 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Saenjum, Chalermpong
Pattananandecha, Thanawat
Nakagawa, Kouichi
Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging
title Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging
title_full Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging
title_fullStr Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging
title_short Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging
title_sort detection of antioxidant phytochemicals isolated from camellia japonica seeds using hplc and epr imaging
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7346170/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32516915
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060493
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