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A Depth-Dependent Integrated VF Simulation for Analysis and Visualization of Glaucomatous VF Defects
PURPOSE: Visual fields (VF) are measured monocularly at a single depth, yet real-life activities require people to interact with objects binocularly at multiple depths. To better characterize visual functioning in clinical vision conditions such as glaucoma, analyzing visual impairment in a depth-de...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7347508/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32704428 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.9.3.8 |
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author | Liu, Ping McKendrick, Allison Ma-Wyatt, Anna Turpin, Andrew |
author_facet | Liu, Ping McKendrick, Allison Ma-Wyatt, Anna Turpin, Andrew |
author_sort | Liu, Ping |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: Visual fields (VF) are measured monocularly at a single depth, yet real-life activities require people to interact with objects binocularly at multiple depths. To better characterize visual functioning in clinical vision conditions such as glaucoma, analyzing visual impairment in a depth-dependent fashion is required. We developed a depth-dependent integrated VF (DD-IVF) simulation and demonstrated its usefulness by evaluating DD-IVF defects associated with 12 glaucomatous archetypes of 24-2 VF. METHODS: The 12 archetypes included typical variants of superior and inferior nasal steps, arcuate and altitudinal defects, temporal wedge, biarcuate, and intact VFs. DD-IVF simulation maps the monocular 24-2 VF archetypes to binocular ones as a function of depth by incorporating three parameters of fixation, object, and interpupillary distances. At each location and depth plane, sensitivities are linearly interpolated from corresponding locations in monocular VF and returned as the higher value of the two. RESULTS: The simulation produced 144 DD-IVFs for multiple depths from combinations of 12 glaucomatous archetypes. The DD-IVFs are included as a Shiny app in the binovisualfields package. The number of impaired locations in the DD-IVFs varied according to the overlap of VF loss between eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Our DD-IVF program revealed binocular functional visual defects associated with glaucomatous archetypes of the 24-2 pattern and is designed to do the same for empirically measured VFs. The comparison of identified visual impairments across depths may be informative for future empirical exploration of functional visual impairments in depth in glaucoma and other conditions leading to bilateral VF loss. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Our DD-IVF program can reveal depth-dependent functional visual defects for clinical vision conditions where 24-2 test patterns are available. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7347508 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73475082020-07-22 A Depth-Dependent Integrated VF Simulation for Analysis and Visualization of Glaucomatous VF Defects Liu, Ping McKendrick, Allison Ma-Wyatt, Anna Turpin, Andrew Transl Vis Sci Technol Article PURPOSE: Visual fields (VF) are measured monocularly at a single depth, yet real-life activities require people to interact with objects binocularly at multiple depths. To better characterize visual functioning in clinical vision conditions such as glaucoma, analyzing visual impairment in a depth-dependent fashion is required. We developed a depth-dependent integrated VF (DD-IVF) simulation and demonstrated its usefulness by evaluating DD-IVF defects associated with 12 glaucomatous archetypes of 24-2 VF. METHODS: The 12 archetypes included typical variants of superior and inferior nasal steps, arcuate and altitudinal defects, temporal wedge, biarcuate, and intact VFs. DD-IVF simulation maps the monocular 24-2 VF archetypes to binocular ones as a function of depth by incorporating three parameters of fixation, object, and interpupillary distances. At each location and depth plane, sensitivities are linearly interpolated from corresponding locations in monocular VF and returned as the higher value of the two. RESULTS: The simulation produced 144 DD-IVFs for multiple depths from combinations of 12 glaucomatous archetypes. The DD-IVFs are included as a Shiny app in the binovisualfields package. The number of impaired locations in the DD-IVFs varied according to the overlap of VF loss between eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Our DD-IVF program revealed binocular functional visual defects associated with glaucomatous archetypes of the 24-2 pattern and is designed to do the same for empirically measured VFs. The comparison of identified visual impairments across depths may be informative for future empirical exploration of functional visual impairments in depth in glaucoma and other conditions leading to bilateral VF loss. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Our DD-IVF program can reveal depth-dependent functional visual defects for clinical vision conditions where 24-2 test patterns are available. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2020-02-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7347508/ /pubmed/32704428 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.9.3.8 Text en Copyright 2020 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. |
spellingShingle | Article Liu, Ping McKendrick, Allison Ma-Wyatt, Anna Turpin, Andrew A Depth-Dependent Integrated VF Simulation for Analysis and Visualization of Glaucomatous VF Defects |
title | A Depth-Dependent Integrated VF Simulation for Analysis and Visualization of Glaucomatous VF Defects |
title_full | A Depth-Dependent Integrated VF Simulation for Analysis and Visualization of Glaucomatous VF Defects |
title_fullStr | A Depth-Dependent Integrated VF Simulation for Analysis and Visualization of Glaucomatous VF Defects |
title_full_unstemmed | A Depth-Dependent Integrated VF Simulation for Analysis and Visualization of Glaucomatous VF Defects |
title_short | A Depth-Dependent Integrated VF Simulation for Analysis and Visualization of Glaucomatous VF Defects |
title_sort | depth-dependent integrated vf simulation for analysis and visualization of glaucomatous vf defects |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7347508/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32704428 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.9.3.8 |
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